Mabda 'iyo Horumarinta walxaha indhaha ee kaladuwan

Qeybta kore ee indhaha ayaa ah nooc ka mid ah waxtarka indhaha oo leh wax ku ool ah oo kaladuwan, oo ku saleysan aragtida kala-goysyada ee chip-ka khafiifka ah iyo qaab dhismeedka chipriconductor-ka ah ee ku saabsan sunta ama dusha sare ee qalabka indhaha ee indhaha). Waxyaabaha indhaha ee indhaha udhaca ahi waa dhuuban, iftiin, cabir yar, oo leh wax ku ool ah oo kala duwan oo kaladuwan, shahaadooyin naqshadeeye badan oo xorriyadda, xasilloonida kuleylka wanaagsan iyo astaamaha is-kala-baxa ee gaarka ah. Iyagu waa qaybo muhiim ah oo ka mid ah aalado indhaha ah. Tan iyo markii ay kaladuwan had iyo jeer waxay horseedaa xaddidaadda xalinta sare ee nidaamka indhaha, had iyo jeer waxay isku dayaan inay ka fogaadaan saameynta kala-sooca ilaa 1960-yada, hologram kombiyuutarka iyo sidoo kale jaantuska wejiga ee uu sababay isbedel weyn oo fikradda ah. Sannadihii 1970-yadii, in kasta oo tikniyoolajiyadda kontogram-ka iyo jaantuhu ay noqdeen kuwo aad ufiican, weli way adag tahay in laga dhigo wax-ku-ool-gacmeedyo badan oo kaladuwan oo ah hidde-ka-soo-baxa. Sannadihii 1980-yadii, koox cilmi baaris ah oo ay hogaaminayeen WBVeldkamp ka timaadda Mit Lincoln Shaybaarka Mareykanka ayaa markii ugu horreysay soo bandhigay tikniyoolajiyadda VLSI ee qaybaha VLSI ee qaybaha VLSI ee qaybaha vichicage-ka, waxayna soo bandhigtay fikradda '' Binary's Offects '. Intaa ka dib, habab kala duwan oo hawl-socod ah ayaa ka soo baxa, oo ay ku jiraan soosaarka tayada tayo sare leh oo tayo badan leh. Markaa si weyn ayaa loo dalacsiiyay horumarinta walxaha indhaha ee kaladuwan.

Waxqabadka kala-sooca ee kala-goysyada

Waxqabadka kala-sooca ayaa ah mid ka mid ah tirooyinka muhiimka ah ee lagu qiimeeyo walxaha indhaha ee kaladuwan iyo nidaamyada indhaha ee isku dhafka ah ee leh walxaha indhaha ee kaladuwan. Ka dib markii iftiinku ka gudbo sheydhiska indhaha ee kaladuwan, amarro kaladuwan oo kaladuwan ayaa la abuuri doonaa. Guud ahaan, kaliya iftiinka amarrada waaweyn ee kaladuwan ayaa fiiro gaar ah la siinayaa. Iftiinka amarrada kale ee kaladuwan ayaa iftiimin doona iftiinka diyaaradda sawirka guud ee amarrada kaladuwan oo yareyn kara ka hortagga diyaaradda sawirka. Sidaa darteed, waxtarka kaladuwan ee kala-goysyada ah ee waxyaabaha indhaha ee is-beddelka ah ayaa si toos ah u saameeya tayada sawirka ee sheyga indhaha ee kaladuwan.

Horumarinta walxaha indhaha ee kaladuwan

Sababta oo ah ashyaa'da indhaha ee kaladuwan iyo mawjadaha kontoroolka ee dabacsan, nidaamka indhaha iyo aaladda waxay u korayaan iftiin, midooro iyo isku dhafan. Ilaa 1990-yadii, daraasadda cunsuriyada indhaha ee kaladuwan ayaa safka hore kaga noqotay dhinaca hore ee duurka indhaha. Waxyaabahaan waxaa si weyn loogu adeegsan karaa sixitaanka hirarka Laser Frainfront, Profile Complement Qaab-dhismeedka, Garsooraha Buundada, Isku-duwaha indhaha, xisaabinta indhaha ee indhaha, isgaarfasha sare ee is-miidaaminta iyo wixii la mid ah.