Mabda'a shaqada iyo noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee laser semiconductor

Mabda'a shaqada iyo noocyada ugu muhiimsan eelaser semiconductor

SemiconductorDiodes laser, oo ay ku oolnimada sare, miniaturization iyo kala duwanaanshiyaha mawjada, waxaa si ballaaran loo isticmaalaa sida qaybaha aasaasiga ah ee technology optoelectronic beeraha sida isgaarsiinta, daryeelka caafimaadka iyo processing warshadaha. Maqaalkani wuxuu si dheeraad ah u soo bandhigayaa mabda'a shaqada iyo noocyada lasers semiconductor, kaas oo ku habboon xulashada tixraaca inta badan cilmi-baarayaasha optoelectronic.

1. Mabda'a iftiinka-firfircoon ee laser-ka semiconductor

Mabda'a luminescence ee lasers semiconductor waxay ku saleysan tahay qaab dhismeedka kooxda, wareejinta elektiroonigga ah iyo sii daynta kicinta ee walxaha semiconductor. Qalabka semiconductor waa nooc ka mid ah walxaha leh faashad, oo ay ku jiraan band valence iyo band conduction. Marka maaddadu ay ku jirto xaaladda dhulka, elektarooniyadu waxay buuxiyaan xargaha valence halka aysan jirin wax elektaroono ah oo ku jira qaybta korantada. Marka qayb koronto ah oo dibadda ah lagu codsado ama hadda la durayo, elektaroonnada qaar ayaa ka gudbi doona kooxda valence-ka oo u gudbaya guutada korantada, iyaga oo samaynaya lammaane-dalool elektaroonig ah. Inta lagu jiro habka tamarta la sii daayo, marka lamaanayaashan godad elektarooniga ah ay kiciyaan adduunka ka baxsan, photons, taas oo ah, lasers, ayaa la soo saari doonaa.

2. Hababka excitation ee leysarka semiconductor

Inta badan waxaa jira saddex hab oo kicin ah oo loogu talagalay laysarka semiconductor, kuwaas oo ah nooca duritaanka korantada, nooca bamka indhaha iyo nooca kicinta alwaax koronto oo tamar sare leh.

Laysarka semiconductor ee korontadu ku duri karto: Guud ahaan, waxay yihiin semiconductor-ka-isku-xidhka isku-xidhka ee walxaha sida gallium arsenide (GaAs), cadmium sulfide (CdS), fosfide indium (InP), iyo zinc sulfide (ZnS). Way ku faraxsan yihiin duritaanka hadda ee eexda hore, taasoo dhalinaysa qiiqa hawada ee gobolka isku xidhka diyaaradda.

Laysarka semiconductor-ka indhaha leh: Guud ahaan, nooca N-nooca ama P-nooca semiconductor hal crystals (sida GaAS, InAs, InSb, iwm.) ayaa loo isticmaalaa sida walaxda shaqada, iyoleysarkaAy sii daayaan laysarka kale waxa loo isticmaalaa sidii dareenka bamgaraysan.

Laysarka semiconductor-ka tamarta sare leh ee tamarta sare leh: Guud ahaan, waxay sidoo kale isticmaalaan N-nooca ama P-nooca semiconductor hal crystals (sida PbS, CdS, ZhO, iwm.) sida walaxda shaqaynaysa waxayna ku faraxsan yihiin inay duritaan koronto koronto sare leh oo dibadda ah. Qalabka laser-ka ee semiconductor-ka ah, midka leh waxqabadka wanaagsan iyo codsiga ballaaran ayaa ah gaaska GaAs diode laser oo koronto lagu duray oo leh qaab-dhismeedka heterostructure oo laba jibaaran.

3. Noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee leysarka semiconductor

Gobolka firfircoon ee leysarka semiconductor waa xudunta u ah jiilka photon-ka iyo kor u qaadida, dhumucdiisuna waa dhowr mikromitir oo keliya. Qaab dhismeedka mawjadaha mawjadaha gudaha ayaa loo isticmaalaa si loo xaddido faafinta dambe ee sawir-qaadayaasha iyo kor loogu qaado cufnaanta tamarta (sida mawjadaha jeexjeexyada iyo heterojunctions duugan). Laydhku waxa uu qaataa naqshada weelka kulaylka oo waxa uu doortaa qalabka korantada kulaylka sare (sida copper-tungsten alloy) si uu u dilo kulaylka degdega ah, kaas oo ka hortagi kara mawjadaha dhererka ee uu keeno kulaylku. Marka loo eego qaab-dhismeedkooda iyo xaaladaha dalabkooda, laysarka semiconductor waxaa loo kala saari karaa afarta qaybood ee soo socota:

Laysarka-Eemitting (EEL)

Laysarku waxa uu ka soo baxaa dusha sare ee jajabka ee dhinaca jajabka, samaynta bar elliptical ah (oo leh xagal kala duwanaansho ah oo ku dhow 30°×10°). Mawjadaha dhaadheer ee caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah 808nm (oo loogu talagalay bamgareynta), 980 nm (isgaarsiinta), iyo 1550 nm (isgaarsiinta fiber-ka). Waxaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa goynta warshadaha awood-sare leh, fiber laser ilo bamgareynta, iyo shabakadaha laf dhabarta isgaarsiinta indhaha.

2. Laysarka Dusha Toosan ee Dusha Sare (VCSEL)

Laysarku waxa uu si toos ah ugu sii daayaa dusha sare ee chip-ka, iyada oo leh wareeg iyo dhudhun summaysan ( xagasha kala duwanaanshaha <15°). Waxay isku daraysaa muraayadaha Bragg ee la qaybiyey (DBR), taasoo meesha ka saaraysa baahida loo qabo dib-u-eegis dibadeed. Waxaa si weyn loogu adeegsadaa dareenka 3D (sida aqoonsiga wejiga taleefanka gacanta), isgaarsiinta indhaha ee muddada-gaaban (xarumaha xogta), iyo LiDAR.

3. Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL)

Iyada oo ku saleysan isbeddelka cascade ee elektarooniga ee u dhexeeya Wells Quantum, dhererka hirarku wuxuu daboolayaa kala duwanaanshaha dhexda-ilaa-fog ee infrared-ka (3-30 μm), iyada oo aan loo baahnayn rogaal celin dadweyne. Photon-yada waxaa lagu abuuraa is beddello dhexmara oo inta badan loo isticmaalo codsiyada sida dareenka gaaska (sida ogaanshaha CO₂), sawir-qaadista terahertz, iyo la socodka deegaanka.

4. Laser la dami karo

Naqshadeynta daloolka dibadda ee leysarka la hagaajin karo (grating/prism / MEMS mirror) wuxuu gaari karaa dhererka dhererka dhererka ee ± 50 nm, oo leh xariiq cidhiidhi ah (<100 kHz) iyo saamiga diidmada qaab-dhinaca sare (> 50 dB). Waxaa caadi ahaan loo adeegsadaa codsiyada sida isku-duubnaanta mawjadaha dhererka cufan (DWDM), falanqaynta muuqaalka, iyo sawir-qaadista noole. laysarka Semiconductor waxaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa in qalabka laser isgaarsiinta, qalabka kaydinta laser digital, qalabka processing laser, calaamadaynta laser iyo qalabka baakadaha, laser nooca iyo daabacaadda, qalabka caafimaadka laser, fogaanta laser iyo qalabka ogaanshaha collimation, qalabka laser iyo qalabka loogu talagalay madadaalada iyo waxbarashada, qaybaha laser iyo qaybaha, iwm Waxay ka tirsan yihiin qaybaha asaasiga ah ee warshadaha laysarka. Iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay codsiyadeeda ballaaran, waxaa jira noocyo badan iyo soosaarayaal laser ah. Markaad dooranayso, waa inay ku salaysan tahay baahiyo gaar ah iyo goobaha codsiga. Soo-saareyaasha kala duwani waxay leeyihiin codsiyo kala duwan oo dhinacyo kala duwan ah, iyo xulashada soo-saareyaasha iyo laser-yada waa in la sameeyaa iyadoo loo eegayo goobta codsiga dhabta ah ee mashruuca.