Shaybaarka laysarkamacluumaadka badbaadada
Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, iyadoo horumarinta joogtada ah ee warshadaha laysarka,tiknoolajiyada laysarkawaxay noqotay qayb aan la kala saari karin oo ka mid ah cilmi-baarista sayniska, warshadaha iyo nolosha. Dadka ku hawlan warshadaha laysarka, badbaadada laysarka waxay si dhow ula xiriirtaa shaybaarrada, shirkadaha iyo shakhsiyaadka, ka fogaanshaha waxyeelada laysarka ee dadka isticmaala ayaa noqotay mudnaanta koowaad.
A. Heerka badbaadada eelaysar
Fasalka 1aad
1. Fasalka 1aad: Awoodda laysarka < 0.5mW. laysarka ammaan ah.
2. Fasalka 1M: Wax dhibaato ah ma lahan isticmaalka caadiga ah. Marka la isticmaalayo indho-indheeyayaasha indhaha sida teleskoobyada ama muraayadaha waaweyn ee yaryar, waxaa jiri doona khataro ka badan xadka Fasalka 1.
Fasalka 2aad
1, Fasalka 2: awoodda laysarka ≤1mW. Soo-gaadhista degdegga ah ee ka yar 0.25s waa ammaan, laakiin fiirinta muddo dheer waxay noqon kartaa mid khatar ah.
2, Class2M: kaliya isha qaawan ee ka yar 0.25s shucaac degdeg ah ayaa ammaan ah, marka isticmaalka teleskoobyada ama muraayadda weyneysada yar iyo kormeerayaasha kale ee indhaha, waxaa jiri doona wax ka badan qiimaha xadka Class2 ee waxyeelada.
Fasalka 3aad
1, Fasalka 3R: awoodda laysarka 1mW~5mW. Haddii la arko muddo gaaban, isha aadanuhu waxay ka ciyaari doontaa door ilaalin ah oo ku saabsan milicsiga ilaalinta iftiinka, laakiin haddii barta iftiinku gasho isha aadanuhu marka ay diiradda saarto, waxay waxyeello u geysan doontaa isha aadanuhu.
2, Fasalka 3B: awoodda laysarka 5mW~500mW. Haddii ay waxyeello u geysan karto indhaha marka ay si toos ah u fiirinayso ama ay ka tarjumayso, guud ahaan waa ammaan in la arko milicsiga kala firdhisan, waxaana lagu talinayaa in la xidho muraayadaha ilaalinta laysarka marka la isticmaalayo heerkan laysarka.
Fasalka 4aad
Awoodda laysarka: > 500mW. Waa wax waxyeello u leh indhaha iyo maqaarka, laakiin sidoo kale waxay dhaawici kartaa agabka u dhow laysarka, waxay shidi kartaa walxaha guban kara, waxayna u baahan kartaa in la xidho muraayadaha laysarka marka la isticmaalayo heerkan laysarka.
B. Waxyeellada iyo ilaalinta laysarka indhaha
Indhuhu waa qaybta ugu nugul ee xubinta aadanaha ee dhaawaca laysarka. Intaa waxaa dheer, saameynta bayoolojiga ee laysarka way isku ururin kartaa, xitaa haddii hal mar la soo bandhigo aysan waxyeello geysan, laakiin soo-gaadhisyo badan ayaa sababi kara waxyeello, dhibbanayaasha soo-gaadhista laysarka ee soo noqnoqda ee isha badanaa ma lahan cabashooyin muuqda, waxay dareemaan oo keliya hoos u dhac tartiib tartiib ah oo ku yimaada aragga.Iftiinka laysarkaWaxay daboolaysaa dhammaan hirarka hirarka laga bilaabo ultraviolet-ka aadka u daran ilaa infrared-ka fog. Muraayadaha ilaalinta laysarka waa nooc ka mid ah muraayadaha gaarka ah ee ka hortagi kara ama yarayn kara dhaawaca laysarka ee isha aadanaha, waana qalab aasaasi ah oo muhiim u ah tijaabooyinka laysarka kala duwan.
C. Sidee loo doortaa muraayadaha laysarka ee saxda ah?
1, ilaali xarigga laysarka
Go'aami inaad rabto inaad ilaaliso hal mowjad oo keliya ama dhowr mowjad oo isku mar ah. Inta badan muraayadaha ilaalinta laysarka waxay ilaalin karaan hal ama in ka badan mowjadaha isku mar, isku-darka mowjadaha kala duwanna waxay dooran karaan muraayadaha ilaalinta laysarka ee kala duwan.
2, OD: cufnaanta indhaha (qiimaha ilaalinta laysarka), T: gudbinta xarigga ilaalinta
Muraayadaha ilaalinta laysarka waxaa loo qaybin karaa heerarka OD1+ ilaa OD7+ iyadoo loo eegayo heerka ilaalinta (qiimaha OD-ga oo sarreeya, amniga oo sarreeya). Marka la dooranayo, waa inaan fiiro gaar ah u yeelano qiimaha OD-ga ee lagu tilmaamay laba muraayadood oo kasta, mana beddeli karno dhammaan alaabada ilaalinta laysarka hal muraayad ilaalin ah.
3, VLT: Gudbinta iftiinka la arki karo (iftiin jawi)
"Gudbinta iftiinka muuqda" badanaa waa mid ka mid ah xuduudaha si fudud loo iska indho tiro marka la dooranayo muraayadaha ilaalinta laysarka. Inta la xirayo laysarka, muraayadda ilaalinta laysarka ayaa sidoo kale xannibi doonta qayb ka mid ah iftiinka muuqda, taasoo saameynaysa aragtida. Dooro gudbinta iftiinka muuqda ee sare (sida VLT>50%) si loo fududeeyo daawashada tooska ah ee dhacdooyinka tijaabada laysarka ama habaynta laysarka; Dooro gudbinta iftiinka ee muuqata oo hooseeya, oo ku habboon iftiinka muuqda waa dhacdooyin aad u xoog badan.
Fiiro gaar ah: Isha hawlwadeenka laysarka si toos ah looguma jeedin karo iftiinka laysarka ama iftiinka ka soo ifbaxaya, xitaa haddii xirashada muraayadda ilaalinta laysarka aysan si toos ah u eegi karin iftiinka (u jeeda jihada qiiqa laysarka).
D. Taxaddarro iyo ilaalin kale
Milicsiga laysarka
1, marka la isticmaalayo laysarka, khubarada tijaabada ah waa inay ka saaraan walxaha leh dusha sare ee milicsiga (sida saacadaha, faraantiyada iyo calaamadaha, iwm., waa ilo milicsi oo xooggan) si looga fogaado waxyeelada ka dhalata iftiinka milicsiga.
2, daahyada laysarka, baloogga iftiinka, ururiyaha alwaaxa, iwm., waxay ka hortagi karaan faafinta laysarka iyo milicsiga leexashada. Gaashaanka badbaadada laysarka wuxuu ku xiri karaa iftiinka laysarka meel gaar ah, wuxuuna xakameyn karaa badhanka laysarka iyada oo loo marayo gaashaanka badbaadada laysarka si looga hortago dhaawaca laysarka.
E. Meelaynta iyo daawashada laysarka
1, iftiinka infrared-ka, oo ah shucaaca ultraviolet-ka oo aan la arki karin isha aadanaha, ha u malayn in cilladda laysarka iyo indha-indheynta indhaha, u fiirsashada, meelaynta iyo kormeerka ay tahay inay isticmaalaan kaarka bandhigga infrared/ultraviolet ama qalabka daawashada.
2, wax soo saarka fiber-ka ee laysarka, tijaabooyinka fiber-ka ee gacanta lagu qaato, ma aha oo kaliya inay saameyn ku yeelan doonto natiijooyinka tijaabada iyo xasilloonida, meelaynta aan habboonayn ama xoqidda ay keento barokaca faybarka, jihada ka bixitaanka laysarka isla waqtigaas la beddelo, waxay sidoo kale keeni doontaa khataro amni oo weyn oo loogu talagalay tijaabiyayaasha. Isticmaalka qaybta faybarka indhaha si loo hagaajiyo faybarka indhaha ma aha oo kaliya inay hagaajiso xasilloonida, laakiin sidoo kale waxay hubineysaa badbaadada tijaabada ilaa xad weyn.
F. Ka fogow khatarta iyo khasaaraha
1. Waa mamnuuc in la dhigo walxaha guban kara iyo kuwa qarxa wadada uu maro laysarka.
2, awoodda ugu sarreysa ee laysarka garaaca ayaa aad u sarreysa, taasoo keeni karta waxyeello soo gaarta qaybaha tijaabada ah. Ka dib marka la xaqiijiyo heerka iska caabbinta waxyeelada ee qaybaha, tijaabadu waxay ka fogaan kartaa khasaarooyin aan loo baahnayn kahor.