Horumarka tignoolajiyada ilaha iftiinka ultraviolet ee aadka u daran

Horumarinta ultraviolet-ka aadka u darantiknoolajiyada ilaha iftiinka

Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, ilo iswaafaqsan oo aad u sarreeya oo ultraviolet ah ayaa soo jiitay dareen ballaaran oo ku saabsan dhaqdhaqaaqa elektarooniga sababtoo ah isku xirnaantooda xooggan, muddada garaaca gaagaaban iyo tamarta photon-ka oo sareysa, waxaana loo isticmaalay daraasado kala duwan oo muuqaal iyo sawir-qaadis ah. Iyadoo la horumarinayo tiknoolajiyada, tanilo iftiinwaxay ku soo koraysaa soo noqnoqoshada sare ee ku celcelinta, qulqulka sawirka sare, tamarta sawirka sare iyo ballaca garaaca gaaban. Horumarkani ma aha oo kaliya inuu hagaajiyo xallinta cabbirka ee ilaha iftiinka ultraviolet-ka ee aadka u daran, laakiin sidoo kale wuxuu bixiyaa fursado cusub oo loogu talagalay isbeddellada horumarinta tignoolajiyada mustaqbalka. Sidaa darteed, daraasadda qoto dheer iyo fahamka soo noqnoqoshada sare ee isha iftiinka ultraviolet-ka ee aadka u daran ayaa muhiimad weyn u leh barashada iyo adeegsiga tignoolajiyada casriga ah.

Cabbiraadaha electron spectroscopy ee miisaanka waqtiga femtosecond iyo attosecond, tirada dhacdooyinka lagu cabiro hal fallaadho badanaa kuma filna, taasoo ka dhigaysa ilo iftiin oo dib-u-soo-noqosho hooseeya inay ku filnaadaan helitaanka tirakoobyo lagu kalsoonaan karo. Isla mar ahaantaana, isha iftiinka oo leh qulqulka photon oo hooseeya ayaa yarayn doonta saamiga calaamadda-ilaa-qaylada ee sawir-qaadista microscopic inta lagu jiro wakhtiga xaddidan ee soo-gaadhista. Iyada oo loo marayo sahaminta iyo tijaabooyinka joogtada ah, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay sameeyeen horumarro badan oo ku saabsan hagaajinta wax-soo-saarka iyo naqshadeynta gudbinta ee soo-noqoshada sare ee soo-noqoshada sare ee iftiinka ultraviolet-ka daran. Tiknoolajiyadda falanqaynta muuqaalka ee horumarsan oo ay weheliso soo-noqoshada sare ee soo-noqoshada sare ee isha iftiinka ultraviolet-ka daran ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu gaaro cabbirka saxda ah ee sare ee qaab-dhismeedka walxaha iyo habka firfircoonida elektaroonigga ah.

Adeegsiga ilaha iftiinka ultraviolet-ka ee aadka u daran, sida cabbiraadda electron spectroscopy-ga xagasha ee la xalliyay (ARPES), waxay u baahan yihiin iftiin ultraviolet aad u daran si ay u iftiimiyaan muunadda. Elektaroonada dusha sare ee muunadda ayaa ku farxa xaaladda joogtada ah iftiinka ultraviolet-ka ee aadka u daran, xagasha tamarta dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo qiiqa ee photoelectrons-kuna waxay ka kooban tahay macluumaadka qaab-dhismeedka kooxda muunadda. Falanqeeyaha elektaroonigga ah ee leh shaqada xallinta xagasha wuxuu helaa photoelectron-ka shucaaca leh wuxuuna helaa qaab-dhismeedka kooxda meel u dhow xarigga qiimaha ee muunadda. Soo noqnoqoshada hoose ee soo noqnoqoshada, isha iftiinka ultraviolet-ka ee aadka u daran, sababtoo ah garaaca hal-gaaban wuxuu ka kooban yahay tiro badan oo photon ah, waxay kicin doontaa tiro badan oo photoelectrons ah oo dusha muunadda ah waqti gaaban gudaheed, isdhexgalka Coulomb-na wuxuu keeni doonaa ballaarin halis ah oo ku timaadda qaybinta tamarta kinetic-ga photoelectron, taas oo loo yaqaan saameynta dallacaadda booska. Si loo yareeyo saameynta dallacaadda booska, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la yareeyo photoelectron-yada ku jira garaac kasta iyadoo la ilaalinayo qulqulka photon-ka ee joogtada ah, sidaa darteed waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la wado.laysariyadoo la adeegsanayo soo noqnoqosho sare si loo soo saaro isha iftiinka ultraviolet-ka ee aadka u daran oo leh soo noqnoqosho sare.

Tiknoolajiyadda kor u qaadaysa resonance waxay xaqiijisaa soo saarista iswaafajinta heerka sare ah ee soo noqnoqoshada MHz
Si loo helo ilo iftiin ultraviolet ah oo aad u daran oo leh heer ku celcelin ah oo gaaraya 60 MHz, kooxda Jones ee Jaamacadda British Columbia ee Boqortooyada Midowday (UK) waxay sameeyeen jiil iswaafajin heer sare ah oo ku jira godka kor u qaadista resonance resonance ee femtosecond (fsEC) si loo gaaro ilo iftiin ultraviolet oo aad u daran oo wax ku ool ah waxayna ku dabaqeen tijaabooyin electron spectroscopy (Tr-ARPES) oo xagal-xallin ah oo waqti-xallin ah. Isha iftiinku waxay awood u leedahay inay keento qulqulka photon oo ka badan 1011 lambarro photon ah ilbiriqsi kasta iyadoo leh hal iswaafajin oo leh heer ku celcelin ah oo ah 60 MHz oo ku jira heerka tamarta ee 8 ilaa 40 eV. Waxay isticmaaleen nidaam laser fiber ah oo ytterbium ah oo loo sameeyay sidii isha abuurka fsEC, iyo astaamaha garaaca wadnaha oo la xakameeyey iyada oo loo marayo naqshad nidaam laysar ah oo loo habeeyay si loo yareeyo buuqa baqshadda side (fCEO) iyo ilaalinta astaamaha cadaadiska garaaca wadnaha ee wanaagsan dhammaadka silsiladda cod-bixiyaha. Si loo gaaro kor u qaadis firfircoon oo deggan gudaha fsEC, waxay isticmaalaan saddex wareeg oo kontorool servo ah si loo xakameeyo jawaab celinta, taasoo keentay xasillooni firfircoon laba darajo oo xorriyad ah: waqtiga wareegga wareegga garaaca ee gudaha fsEC wuxuu la mid yahay muddada garaaca laysarka, iyo wareegga wejiga ee side-ka goobta korontada marka loo eego baqshadda garaaca (tusaale ahaan, wejiga baqshadda side-ka, ϕCEO).

Iyagoo u adeegsanaya gaaska krypton gaaska shaqada, kooxda cilmi-baarista waxay gaareen jiilka harmonics-ka heerka sare ah ee fsEC. Waxay sameeyeen cabbiraadaha Tr-ARPES ee graphite waxayna arkeen kuleyl degdeg ah iyo dib-u-habeyn gaabis ah oo ku yimid tirada elektaroonada aan kuleylka ku kicin, iyo sidoo kale dhaqdhaqaaqa xaaladaha aan kuleylka ku kicin ee tooska ah ee u dhow heerka Fermi ee ka sarreeya 0.6 eV. Isha iftiinkan waxay bixisaa qalab muhiim ah oo lagu baranayo qaab-dhismeedka elektaroonigga ah ee walxaha adag. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, soo saarista harmonics-ka heerka sare ah ee fsEC waxay leedahay shuruudo aad u sarreeya oo loogu talagalay soo-jeedinta, magdhawga kala-baxa, hagaajinta wanaagsan ee dhererka godka iyo qufulka isku-dubaridka, taas oo si weyn u saameyn doonta kor u qaadista badan ee godka kor u qaadaya resonance-ka. Isla mar ahaantaana, jawaabta wejiga aan tooska ahayn ee balaasmaha ee barta dhexe ee godka sidoo kale waa caqabad. Sidaa darteed, hadda, noocan ah isha iftiinka ma noqon ultraviolet-ka aadka u daran ee caadiga ah.Ilo iftiin iswaafajin sare leh.