Xuduudaha aasaasiga ah ee nidaamka laysarka

Xuduudaha aasaasiga ah eenidaamka laysarka

Meelo badan oo codsi ah sida habaynta walxaha, qalliinka laysarka iyo dareenka fog, inkastoo ay jiraan noocyo badan oo nidaamyada laysarka ah, haddana waxay inta badan wadaagaan qaar ka mid ah xuduudaha asaasiga ah. Samaynta nidaam erey-bixineed oo midaysan ayaa kaa caawin kara inaad ka fogaato jahawareerka muujinta waxayna awood u siineysaa isticmaalayaasha inay si sax ah u doortaan oo u habeeyaan nidaamyada laysarka iyo qaybaha, taasoo buuxinaysa baahiyaha xaaladaha gaarka ah.

Xuduudaha aasaasiga ah

Dhererka hirarka (cutubyada caadiga ah: nm ilaa μm)

Dhererka hirarka wuxuu ka tarjumayaa astaamaha soo noqnoqda ee hirarka iftiinka ee uu laysarka hawada sare ka soo saaro. Xaaladaha kala duwan ee codsiyada waxay leeyihiin shuruudo kala duwan oo loogu talagalay hirarka hirarka: Habka wax-soo-saarka, heerka nuugista walxaha ee hirarka hirarka gaarka ah way kala duwan yihiin, taas oo saameyn doonta saameynta habaynta. Codsiyada dareenka fog, waxaa jira kala duwanaansho ku saabsan nuugista iyo faragelinta hirarka hirarka kala duwan ee jawiga. Codsiyada caafimaadka, nuugista laysarka ee dadka midabada maqaarka kala duwan leh ayaa sidoo kale kala duwan iyadoo ku xiran hirarka. Sababtoo ah meesha diiradda la saarayo oo yar, laysarka hirarka gaaban iyoaaladaha indhaha ee laysarkawaxay leeyihiin faa'iido ay ku abuuraan sifooyin yaryar oo sax ah, iyagoo soo saaraya kuleyl aad u yar. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka la barbar dhigo laysarka leh hirarka dheer, badanaa way ka qaalisan yihiin waxayna u nugul yihiin waxyeello.

2. Awoodda iyo tamarta (Cutubyada caadiga ah: W ama J)

Awoodda laysarka waxaa badanaa lagu cabbiraa watts (W) waxaana loo isticmaalaa in lagu cabbiro wax soo saarka laysarka joogtada ah ama awoodda celceliska laysarka garaaca. laysarka garaaca, tamarta hal garaaca wadnaha ah waxay si toos ah ugu dhigantaa awoodda celceliska waxayna si liddi ku ah ugu dhigantaa soo noqnoqoshada ku celcelinta, iyadoo cutubku yahay joule (J). Inta uu kor u kaco awoodda ama tamarta, ayaa qiimaha laysarka badanaa sii kordhaya, baahida kulaylka ayaa sii kordheysa, dhibka ilaalinta tayada iftiinka wanaagsanna sidoo kale wuu kordhaa si waafaqsan.

Tamarta garaaca = heerka celceliska awoodda ku celcelinta Tamarta garaaca = heerka celceliska awoodda ku celcelinta

3. Muddada garaaca wadnaha (Cutubyada caadiga ah :fs ilaa ms)

Muddada garaaca laysarka, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan ballaca garaaca, guud ahaan waxaa lagu qeexaa waqtiga ay qaadatolaysarawood u leh inay kor u kacdo ilaa kala bar meesha ugu sarreysa (FWHM) (Jaantuska 1). Ballaca garaaca ee leysarka aadka u dheereeya waa mid aad u gaaban, badanaa wuxuu u dhexeeyaa picoseconds (10⁻¹² ilbiriqsi) ilaa attoseconds (10⁻¹⁸ ilbiriqsi).

4. Heerka ku celcelinta (Cutubyada caadiga ah :Hz ilaa MHZ)

Heerka ku celcelinta ee alaysarka garaaca leh(tusaale ahaan, soo noqnoqoshada garaaca wadnaha) wuxuu qeexayaa tirada garaaca wadnaha ee la sii daayo ilbiriqsi kasta, taas oo ah, is-weydaarsiga kala-fogaanshaha garaaca wadnaha ee waqtiga (Jaantuska 1). Sida hore loo soo sheegay, heerka ku celcelintu wuxuu si liddi ku ah ula mid yahay tamarta garaaca wadnaha wuxuuna si toos ah ugu dhigmaa awoodda celceliska. Inkasta oo heerka ku celcelintu uu badanaa ku xiran yahay dhexdhexaadka helitaanka laysarka, xaalado badan, heerka ku celcelintu wuu kala duwanaan karaa. Inta uu sareeyo heerka ku celcelinta, waqtiga nasashada kulaylka ee dusha sare ee curiyaha indhaha ee laysarka iyo meesha ugu dambeysa ee diiradda la saarayo, taasoo u sahlaysa agabka inuu si dhakhso ah u kululaado.

5. Dhererka isku-xidhka (Cutubyada caadiga ah :mm ilaa cm)

Laydhku wuxuu leeyahay isku xirnaan, taasoo la macno ah inuu jiro xiriir go'an oo u dhexeeya qiimaha marxaladda ee goobta korantada waqtiyo ama boosas kala duwan. Tani waa sababta oo ah laysarka waxaa dhaliya qiiqa kiciya, kaas oo ka duwan inta badan noocyada kale ee ilaha iftiinka. Inta lagu jiro habka faafinta oo dhan, isku xirnaantu si tartiib tartiib ah ayay u daciiftaa, dhererka isku xirnaanta laysarkana wuxuu qeexaa masaafada ay isku xirnaantiisu ku hayso cuf gaar ah.

6. Kala-fogaanshaha

Kala-goyntu waxay qeexdaa jihada goobta korantada ee hirarka iftiinka, taas oo had iyo jeer u janjeerta jihada faafinta. Inta badan kiisaska, laysarka si toosan ayaa loo kala fogeeyaa, taasoo la macno ah in goobta korontada ee la sii daayo ay had iyo jeer u janjeerto jihada isku midka ah. Iftiinka aan kala-goyntu wuxuu abuuraa goobo koronto oo tilmaamaya jihooyin badan oo kala duwan. Heerka kala-goyntu waxaa badanaa lagu muujiyaa saamiga awoodda indhaha ee laba xaaladood oo kala-goyn ah, sida 100:1 ama 500:1.