Halbeegyada tilmaamayaasha waxqabadka muhiimka ah ee nidaamka laysarka

1. Mawjada (cutub: nm ilaa μm)

Thedhererka hirarka laysarkawaxay ka dhigan tahay dhererka hirarka korantada ee uu qaado laysarka. Marka la barbardhigo noocyada kale ee iftiinka, muuqaal muhiim ah oo ka mid ahleysarkawaa monochromatic, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in hirarkiisu aad u saafi yahay oo uu leeyahay hal jeer oo si fiican loo qeexay.

Farqiga u dhexeeya mowjadaha dhererka kala duwan ee laser:

Dhererka hirarka leysarka cas wuxuu guud ahaan u dhexeeyaa 630nm-680nm, iftiinka soo baxayana waa casaan, sidoo kale waa laser-ka ugu caansan (inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa dhinaca iftiinka quudinta caafimaadka, iwm.);

Mawjadda dhererka leysarka cagaaran guud ahaan waa qiyaastii 532nm, (inta badan loo isticmaalo berrinka kala duwan ee laysarka, iwm.);

Dhererka hirarka laysarka ee buluuga ah wuxuu guud ahaan u dhexeeyaa 400nm-500nm (badanaa loo isticmaalo qalliinka laysarka);

Uv laser inta u dhaxaysa 350nm-400nm (badanaa loo isticmaalo biomedicine);

Laysarka infrared waa kan ugu khaaska ah, marka loo eego baaxada hirarka iyo goobta codsiga, hirarka leysarka infrared wuxuu guud ahaan ku yaalaa inta u dhaxaysa 700nm-1mm. Kooxda infrared-ka ayaa loo sii kala qaybin karaa saddex qaybood oo hoose: Infrared u dhow (NIR), dhexda infrared (MIR) iyo fog infrared (FIR). Mawjada dhererka infrared-ku dhow waxay ku saabsan tahay 750nm-1400nm, kaas oo si weyn loogu isticmaalo isgaarsiinta fiber-ka indhaha, sawir-qaadista biomedical iyo qalabka aragtida habeenkii infrared.

2. Awood iyo tamar (cutub: W ama J)

Awoodda leysarkawaxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu qeexo wax soo saarka awoodda indhaha ee mawjada joogtada ah (CW) laser ama celceliska awoodda laser garaaca. Intaa waxaa dheer, lasers-ka garaaca waxaa lagu gartaa xaqiiqda ah in tamarta garaaca wadnaha ay la mid tahay awoodda celceliska iyo ka soo horjeeda heerka celceliska garaaca wadnaha, iyo lasers leh awood sare iyo tamar inta badan waxay soo saaraan kulayl badan.

Inta badan alwaaxyada laysarka waxay leeyihiin astaanta Gaussian beam profile, sidaa darteed ilbaxnimada iyo qulqulka ayaa labaduba ugu sarreeya dhidibka indhaha ee laysarka waxayna hoos u dhacaan marka ka leexashada dhidibka indhaha uu kordho. Laysarada kale waxay leeyihiin muuqaallo iftiin leh oo siman kuwaas oo, ka duwan alwaaxyada Gaussian, waxay leeyihiin muuqaal iftiin joogto ah oo ku yaal qaybta iskutallaabta ee laydhka laysarka iyo hoos u dhac degdeg ah oo xoog leh. Sidaa darteed, laysarka fidsan ma laha ilbax sare. Awoodda ugu sarreysa ee gaussiyan beam waxay laba jeer ka badan tahay laydhka dusha sare leh ee isku celceliska ah.

3. Muddada garaaca garaaca (cutub: fs ilaa ms)

Muddada garaaca garaaca laysarka (ie ballaciisu yahay garaaca wadnaha) waa wakhtiga ay ku qaadanayso in leysku gaadho kala badh awooda ugu badan ee indhaha (FWHM).

 

4. Heerka ku celcelinta (cutubka: Hz ilaa MHz)

Heerka soo noqnoqda ee alaser garaaca(ie heerka celceliska garaaca garaaca wadnaha) wuxuu qeexayaa tirada garaaca wadnaha ee la sii daayo ilbiriqsi kasta, taas oo ah, isku celcelinta wakhtiga isku xigxiga garaaca garaaca wadnaha. Heerka soo noqnoqda wuxuu u dhigmaa tamarta garaaca wadnaha waxayna u dhigantaa celceliska awoodda. Inkasta oo heerka soo noqnoqda uu inta badan ku xiran yahay faa'iidada laysarka dhexdhexaadka ah, marar badan, heerka soo noqnoqda waa la bedeli karaa. Heerka soo noqnoqda ee sarreeya wuxuu keenaa wakhti gaaban oo kuleyl ah oo nasasho ah oo dusha sare ah iyo diiradda ugu dambeysa ee walxaha indhaha ee laysarka, taas oo markaa horseedaysa kuleylka degdegga ah ee walxaha.

5. Kala duwanaanshaha (cutubka caadiga ah: mrad)

Inkasta oo laydhka laysarka guud ahaan loo maleynayo inay isku dhacaan, had iyo jeer waxay ka kooban yihiin qadar go'an oo kala duwanaansho ah, taas oo qeexaysa inta uu leysku kala duwan yahay fogaanta sii kordheysa ee dhexda laydhka laydhka sababtoo ah kala-baxa. Codsiyada leh masaafada dheer ee shaqada, sida nidaamyada liDAR, halkaasoo walxaha laga yaabo inay boqolaal mitir u jiraan nidaamka laysarka, kala duwanaanshuhu wuxuu noqonayaa dhibaato gaar ah oo muhiim ah.

6. Cabbirka goobta (cutub: μm)

Baaxadda barta laydhka laysarka ee diiradda lagu saaray waxay qeexaysaa dhexroorka alwaaxdu ee barta xudunta u ah nidaamka muraayadaha diiradda saaraya. Codsiyo badan, sida qalabaynta alaabta iyo qalliinka caafimaadka, ujeedadu waa in la yareeyo xajmiga dhibcaha. Tani waxay kor u qaadeysaa cufnaanta awoodda waxayna u oggolaaneysaa abuurista sifooyin gaar ah oo qumman. Muraayadaha aspherical ayaa inta badan loo adeegsadaa halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen lenses-spherical lenses si loo yareeyo khalkhal abuurka wareegsan oo ay u soo saaraan cabbir yar oo meel fog.

7. Masaafada shaqada (cutub: μm ilaa m)

Fogaanta shaqada ee nidaamka laysarka waxaa badanaa lagu qeexaa masaafada jireed ee u jirta curiyaha indhaha ee ugu dambeeya (badanaa lens diirada saaraya) ilaa shayga ama dusha uu leysku diirada saaro. Codsiyada qaarkood, sida laysarka caafimaadka, waxay caadi ahaan raadiyaan inay yareeyaan masaafada hawlgalka, halka kuwa kale, sida dareeme fog, ay caadi ahaan u dan leeyihiin inay sare u qaadaan masaafada hawlahooda.