Tiknoolajiyada isha laser-ka ee loogu talagalayFaybarka indhahaDareen Qaybta Koowaad
Tiknoolajiyadda dareemaha fiilada indhaha waa nooc ka mid ah tiknoolajiyadda dareemaha oo ay weheliso tiknoolajiyadda fiber-ka indhaha iyo tiknoolajiyadda isgaarsiinta fiber-ka indhaha, waxayna noqotay mid ka mid ah laamaha ugu firfircoon ee tiknoolajiyadda sawir-qaadista. Nidaamka dareemaha fiilada indhaha wuxuu inta badan ka kooban yahay laysarka, fiilada gudbinta, qaybta dareemaha ama aagga wax-ka-beddelka, ogaanshaha iftiinka iyo qaybo kale. Xuduudaha qeexaya astaamaha hirarka iftiinka waxaa ka mid ah xoojinta, hirarka, wejiga, xaaladda kala-goynta, iwm. Xuduudahaan waxaa beddeli kara saameynta dibadda ee gudbinta fiber-ka indhaha. Tusaale ahaan, marka heerkulka, cadaadiska, cadaadiska, hadda, barokaca, gariirka, wareegga, foorarsiga iyo tirada kiimikada ay saameeyaan waddada indhaha, xuduudahaani waxay isbeddelaan si waafaqsan. Dareenka fiilada indhaha waxay ku salaysan tahay xiriirka ka dhexeeya xuduudahan iyo arrimaha dibadda si loo ogaado tirada jireed ee u dhiganta.
Waxaa jira noocyo badan ooIsha laysarkaloo isticmaalo nidaamyada dareemayaasha fiber-ka indhaha, kuwaas oo loo qaybin karo laba qaybood: isku-dhafanIlo laysar ahiyo ilo iftiin oo aan isku xidhnayn, oo aan isku xidhnaynilo iftiininta badan waxaa ka mid ah diode-yada iftiinka dhaliya iyo kuwa iftiinka soo saara, ilaha iftiinka ee isku xiran waxaa ka mid ah laysarka adag, laysarka dareeraha ah, laysarka gaaska,laysarka semiconductor-kaiyolaysarka fiber-kaKuwa soo socda waxaa inta badan loogu talagalayisha iftiinka laysarkasi weyn ayaa loogu isticmaalaa dhinaca dareenka fiber-ka sannadihii ugu dambeeyay: ballaca xariiqda cidhiidhiga ah ee laser-ka hal-soo-noqoshada ah, laser-ka hal-mowjad-soo-noqoshada ee hal-mowjad iyo laser-ka cad.
1.1 Shuruudaha ballaca xariiqda cidhiidhiga ahilaha iftiinka laysarka
Nidaamka dareemaha fiilada indhaha lagama saari karo isha laysarka, maadaama hirarka iftiinka ee side calaamadda, waxqabadka isha iftiinka laysarka laftiisu, sida xasilloonida awoodda, ballaca khadka laysarka, buuqa wejiga iyo xuduudaha kale ee ku saabsan masaafada ogaanshaha nidaamka dareemaha fiilada indhaha, saxnaanta ogaanshaha, xasaasiyadda iyo astaamaha buuqa ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara. Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, iyadoo la horumarinayo nidaamyada dareemayaasha fiilada indhaha ee xallinta fog ee aadka u sarreeya, tacliinta sare iyo warshadaha ayaa soo bandhigay shuruudo adag oo ku saabsan waxqabadka ballaca khadka ee yaraynta laysarka, inta badan: tignoolajiyada milicsiga aagga soo noqnoqda ee indhaha (OFDR) waxay isticmaashaa tignoolajiyada ogaanshaha isku xiran si ay u falanqeeyaan calaamadaha kala firdhisan ee fiilooyinka indhaha ee ku jira qaybta soo noqnoqoshada, oo leh dabool ballaaran (kumanaan mitir). Faa'iidooyinka xallinta sare (xallinta heerka millimitir) iyo xasaasiyadda sare (ilaa -100 dBm) waxay noqdeen mid ka mid ah teknoolojiyada leh rajo ballaaran oo codsi ah oo ku saabsan cabbirka fiilada indhaha ee la qaybiyey iyo tignoolajiyada dareenka. Xudunta tignoolajiyada OFDR waa in la isticmaalo ilo iftiin oo la hagaajin karo si loo gaaro hagaajinta soo noqnoqoshada indhaha, sidaa darteed waxqabadka isha laysarka ayaa go'aamisa arrimaha muhiimka ah sida baaxadda ogaanshaha OFDR, xasaasiyadda iyo xallinta. Marka masaafada barta milicsiga ay u dhowdahay dhererka isku-xidhka, xoojinta calaamadda garaaca waxaa si weyn u dhimi doona isku-xidhka τ/τc. Isha iftiinka Gaussian ee leh qaab muuqaal ah, si loo hubiyo in soo noqnoqoshada garaaca ay leedahay in ka badan 90% muuqaal, xiriirka ka dhexeeya ballaca xariiqda ee isha iftiinka iyo dhererka dareenka ugu badan ee nidaamku gaari karo waa Lmax~0.04vg/f, taasoo la macno ah in fiber dhererkiisu yahay 80 km, ballaca xariiqda ee isha iftiinku uu ka yar yahay 100 Hz. Intaa waxaa dheer, horumarinta codsiyada kale waxay sidoo kale soo bandhigaysaa shuruudo sare oo loogu talagalay ballaca xariiqda ee isha iftiinka. Tusaale ahaan, nidaamka hydrophone-ka fiber-ka indhaha, ballaca xariiqda ee isha iftiinku waxay go'aamisaa buuqa nidaamka waxayna sidoo kale go'aamisaa calaamadda ugu yar ee la cabbiri karo ee nidaamka. Muraayadda Brillouin ee waqtiga indhaha (BOTDR), xallinta cabbirka heerkulka iyo walbahaarka waxaa inta badan lagu go'aamiyaa ballaca xariiqda ee isha iftiinka. Giro-ga fiber optic resonator-ka, dhererka isku-xidhka hirarka iftiinka waxaa lagu kordhin karaa iyadoo la dhimayo ballaca xariiqda ee isha iftiinka, sidaas darteedna lagu hagaajinayo jilicsanaanta iyo qoto-dheeraanta resonator-ka, la dhimayo ballaca xariiqda resonator-ka, lana hubinayo saxnaanta cabbirka gyro-ga fiber optic-ga.
1.2 Shuruudaha laga rabo ilaha laysarka xoqidda
Laser-ka hal-wareegga wareega ah wuxuu leeyahay waxqabad hagaajin mowjad dabacsan, wuxuu beddeli karaa laysarka hirarka go'an ee wax soo saarka badan, wuxuu yareyn karaa kharashka dhismaha nidaamka, waa qayb lama huraan ah oo ka mid ah nidaamka dareemayaasha fiilada indhaha. Tusaale ahaan, dareemaha fiilada gaaska raadadka, noocyada kala duwan ee gaasaska waxay leeyihiin meelaha ugu sarreeya ee nuugista gaaska. Si loo hubiyo hufnaanta nuugista iftiinka marka gaaska cabbirku ku filan yahay oo loo gaaro xasaasiyad cabbir oo sare, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la waafajiyo mowjadda isha iftiinka gudbinta iyo heerka nuugista ee molecule-ka gaaska. Nooca gaaska la ogaan karo waxaa asal ahaan lagu go'aamiyaa mowjadda isha iftiinka dareemaha. Sidaa darteed, laysarka xariiqda cidhiidhiga ah ee leh waxqabadka hagaajinta ballaaran ee deggan waxay leeyihiin dabacsanaan cabbir oo sare oo ku jirta nidaamyada dareenka noocaas ah. Tusaale ahaan, nidaamyada dareemayaasha fiilada indhaha ee qaybiya qaarkood oo ku salaysan milicsiga goobta soo noqnoqoshada indhaha, laysarka wuxuu u baahan yahay in si degdeg ah loo nadiifiyo si loo gaaro ogaanshaha saxda ah ee isku xiran iyo hoos u dhigista calaamadaha indhaha, sidaa darteed heerka isbeddelka isha laysarka wuxuu leeyahay shuruudo aad u sarreeya, xawaaraha nadiifinta ee laysarka la hagaajin karo badanaa waa loo baahan yahay si loo gaaro 10 pm/μs. Intaa waxaa dheer, laser-ka cidhiidhiga ah ee la hagaajin karo ee hirarka dheer waxaa sidoo kale si weyn loogu isticmaali karaa liDAR, dareenka fog ee laser-ka iyo falanqaynta muuqaalka ee xallinta sare leh iyo meelaha kale ee dareemayaasha. Si loo daboolo shuruudaha xuduudaha waxqabadka sare ee hagaajinta xawaaraha, saxnaanta hagaajinta iyo xawaaraha hagaajinta ee laser-yada hal-wareegga ah ee goobta dareenka fiber-ka, yoolka guud ee barashada laser-yada fiilooyinka cidhiidhiga ah ee la hagaajin karo sannadihii la soo dhaafay waa in la gaaro hagaajin sax ah oo heer sare ah oo ku jirta mowjado ballaaran oo ku saleysan raadinta ballac laysarka aadka u cidhiidhiga ah, buuqa wejiga aadka u hooseeya, iyo soo noqnoqoshada wax soo saarka iyo awoodda aadka u deggan.
1.3 Baahida loo qabo isha iftiinka laysarka cad
Dhinaca dareenka indhaha, leysarka iftiinka cad ee tayo sare leh ayaa muhiimad weyn u leh hagaajinta waxqabadka nidaamka. Inta uu leysarka iftiinka cad yahay ee ballaaran yahay, ayaa codsigiisu sii ballaaranayaa nidaamka dareenka fiber-ka indhaha. Tusaale ahaan, marka la isticmaalayo fiber Bragg shabagga (FBG) si loo dhiso shabakad dareemaha, falanqaynta muuqaalka ama habka isku-dhafka shaandhada ee la hagaajin karo ayaa loo isticmaali karaa demodulation. Kan hore wuxuu isticmaalay spectrometer si uu si toos ah u tijaabiyo hirarka resonant-ka FBG ee shabakadda. Kan dambe wuxuu isticmaalaa shaandho tixraac ah si uu ula socdo oo u hagaajiyo FBG-ga dareemaha, labaduba waxay u baahan yihiin ilo iftiin ballaaran oo ah isha iftiinka tijaabada ah ee FBG. Sababtoo ah shabakad kasta oo marin u helidda FBG waxay yeelan doontaa khasaare gelinta gaar ah, waxayna leedahay ballaca ka badan 0.1 nm, isku mar-samaynta FBG badan waxay u baahan tahay ilo iftiin ballaaran oo leh awood sare iyo ballaca sare. Tusaale ahaan, marka la isticmaalayo shabagga fiber-ka ee muddada dheer (LPFG) si loo dareemo, maadaama ballaca hal dhibic oo lumis ah uu yahay heerka 10 nm, ilo iftiin oo ballaaran oo leh ballaca ku filan iyo baaxad siman ayaa loo baahan yahay si sax ah loogu qeexo astaamaha ugu sarreeya ee resonant. Gaar ahaan, shabagga fiber-ka acoustic (AIFG) oo lagu dhisay isticmaalka saamaynta acoustic-optical wuxuu gaari karaa kala duwanaansho hagaajin ah oo hirarka resonant ah ilaa 1000 nm iyada oo loo marayo hagaajinta korontada. Sidaa darteed, tijaabinta shabagga firfircoon oo leh kala duwanaansho aad u ballaaran ayaa caqabad weyn ku ah kala duwanaanshaha ballaca ee isha iftiinka ballaaran. Sidoo kale, sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, shabagga fiber-ka Bragg ee janjeera ayaa sidoo kale si weyn loogu isticmaalay goobta dareenka fiber-ka. Sababtoo ah astaamaha kala duwanaanshaha luminta badan, kala duwanaanshaha qaybinta hirarka ayaa badanaa gaari kara 40 nm. Farsamadeeda dareenka badanaa waa in la barbar dhigo dhaqdhaqaaqa qaraabada ah ee ka dhexeeya meelaha ugu sarreeya gudbinta badan, markaa waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in si buuxda loo cabbiro muuqaalka gudbinta. Ballaca iyo awoodda isha iftiinka ballaaran ayaa looga baahan yahay inay ka sarreeyaan.
2. Xaaladda cilmi-baarista gudaha iyo dibadda
2.1 Isha iftiinka laysarka ee ballaca xariiqda cidhiidhiga ah
2.1.1 Laser-ka jawaab celinta ee semiconductor-ka oo leh ballaca xariiqda cidhiidhiga ah
Sannadkii 2006, Cliche et al. waxay hoos u dhigeen miisaanka MHz ee semiconductor-ka.Laser-ka DFB(laser-ka jawaab celinta ee la qaybiyey) ilaa miisaanka kHz iyadoo la adeegsanayo habka jawaab celinta korontada; Sannadkii 2011, Kessler et al. waxay isticmaaleen heerkul hoose iyo godad kiristaalo oo xasilloon oo sarreeya oo ay weheliso xakamaynta jawaab celinta firfircoon si loo helo wax soo saarka laysarka ballaciisu aad u cidhiidhi yahay oo ah 40 MHz; Sannadkii 2013, Peng et al waxay heleen wax soo saar laysarka semiconductor ah oo leh ballaciisu yahay 15 kHz iyagoo adeegsanaya habka hagaajinta jawaab celinta dibadda ee Fabry-Perot (FP). Habka jawaab celinta korontada ayaa inta badan isticmaalay jawaab celinta xasilinta soo noqnoqda ee Pond-Drever-Hall si loo yareeyo ballaciisu yahay laysarka isha iftiinka. Sannadkii 2010, Bernhardi et al. waxay soo saareen 1 cm oo alumina FBG ah oo lagu dahaadhay erbium-doped oo ku taal substrate silicon oxide ah si loo helo wax soo saar laysar ah oo leh ballaciisu yahay qiyaastii 1.7 kHz. Isla sannadkaas, Liang et al. waxay isticmaaleen jawaab celinta is-durista ee kala firdhinta Rayleigh ee gadaal ka timid oo ay samaysay resonator derbi oo Q-sare ah oo loogu talagalay cadaadiska khadka-ballaca laser-ka semiconductor, sida ku cad Jaantuska 1, ugu dambayntiina waxay heleen wax soo saar laysar oo cidhiidhi ah oo ah 160 Hz.
Jaantuska 1 (a) Jaantuska cadaadiska laysarka semiconductor-ka ee ku salaysan kala firdhinta Rayleigh ee dib-u-soo-celinta qaabka gallery-ga ee dibadda;
(b) Kala duwanaanshaha soo noqnoqoshada ee laysarka semiconductor-ka ee shaqeeya ee bilaashka ah oo leh ballaca xariiqda 8 MHz;
(c) Kala-soocidda soo noqnoqoshada ee laysarka oo leh ballaca xariiqda oo lagu cadaadiyey 160 Hz
2.1.2 Laser-ka fiber-ka ee ballaca xariiqda cidhiidhiga ah
Laysaradaha fiilada godadka toosan, wax soo saarka laysarka cidhiidhiga ah ee qaabka dhererka hal-dheer waxaa lagu helaa iyadoo la soo gaabiyo dhererka resonator-ka iyo kordhinta muddada habka dhererka. Sannadkii 2004, Spiegelberg et al. waxay heleen wax soo saar laysarka cidhiidhiga ah ee hal qaab dherer ah oo leh ballac xariiq ah oo ah 2 kHz iyagoo adeegsanaya habka godadka gaaban ee DBR. Sannadkii 2007, Shen et al. waxay isticmaaleen faybar silikoon ah oo 2 cm ah oo si xoog leh u erbium-ku sameeyay si ay u qoraan FBG fiilada sawir-qaadista ee Bi-Ge ee isku-dhafan, waxayna ku dareen faybar firfircoon si ay u sameeyaan god toosan oo is haysta, taasoo ka dhigaysa ballaca xariiqda wax soo saarka laysarka mid ka yar 1 kHz. Sannadkii 2010, Yang et al. waxay isticmaaleen god toosan oo 2cm ah oo aad u dahaaran oo lagu daray shaandhada FBG ee cidhiidhiga ah si loo helo wax soo saar laysarka qaab dherer ah oo leh ballac xariiq ah oo ka yar 2 kHz. Sannadkii 2014, kooxdu waxay isticmaashay god gaaban oo toosan (ring resonator oo laalaaban oo casri ah) oo lagu daray shaandhada FBG-FP si loo helo wax soo saar laysar ah oo leh ballac xariiq cidhiidhi ah, sida ku cad Jaantuska 3. Sannadkii 2012, Cai et al. waxay isticmaaleen qaab-dhismeed god gaaban oo 1.4cm ah si ay u helaan wax soo saar laysar ah oo kala qaybsan oo leh awood wax soo saar oo ka weyn 114 mW, hirar dhexe oo ah 1540.3 nm, iyo ballac xariiq oo ah 4.1 kHz. Sannadkii 2013, Meng et al. waxay isticmaaleen kala firdhinta Brillouin ee fiilada erbium-doped oo leh god giraan gaaban oo ah qalab ilaalin ah oo dhan-u-dhammaystiran si loo helo wax soo saar laysar ah oo hal-dherer ah, oo leh awood wax soo saar oo ah 10 mW. Sannadkii 2015, kooxdu waxay isticmaashay god giraan ah oo ka kooban 45 cm oo laysar ah oo lagu dahaadhay erbium-doped ah oo ah dhexdhexaad gaabin Brillouin ah si loo helo wax soo saar laysar ah oo hooseeya iyo mid cidhiidhi ah oo laysar ah.
Jaantuska 2 (a) Sawir-gacmeedka laysarka fiilada SLC;
(b) Qaabka xariiqda ee calaamadda heterodyne-ka oo lagu cabbiray dib u dhac faybar 97.6 km ah
Waqtiga boostada: Noofambar-20-2023