Tignoolajiyada isha laser eefiber indhahaDareenka Qaybta Koowaad
Tignoolajiyada Dareemida Fiber indhaha waa nooc ka mid ah tignoolajiyada dareenka ee la sameeyay iyadoo ay la socoto tignoolajiyada fiber-ka indhaha iyo tignoolajiyada isgaarsiinta fiber optic, waxayna noqotay mid ka mid ah laamaha ugu firfircoon tignoolajiyada sawir-qaadista. Nidaamka dareemada fiber-ka indhaha waxa uu inta badan ka kooban yahay laysarka, fibre-gudbinta, curiyaha dareenka ama aagga hab-habaynta, ogaanshaha iftiinka iyo qaybo kale. Halbeegyada qeexaya sifooyinka hirarka iftiinka waxaa ka mid ah xoojinta, dhererka hirarka, wejiga, xaaladda polarization, iwm. Xaddigan waxaa laga yaabaa in ay beddelaan saameynta dibadda ee gudbinta fiber-ka. Tusaale ahaan, marka heerkulka, cadaadiska, cadaadiska, hadda, barokaca, gariirka, wareegga, foorarsiga iyo tirada kiimikada ay saameeyaan waddada indhaha, cabbirradan ayaa isbeddelaya si isku mid ah. Dareenka fiber-ka indhaha waxa uu ku salaysan yahay xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya halbeegyadan iyo arrimaha dibadda si loo ogaado tirada jireed ee u dhiganta.
Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo ka mid ahisha laysarkaloo isticmaalo hababka dareemayaasha fiber indhaha, kuwaas oo loo qaybin karaa laba qaybood: isku xiranilaha laysarkaiyo ilo iftiin ah oo aan isku xidhnayn, oo aan isku xidhnaynilaha iftiinkainta badan waxaa ka mid ah nalka iftiimaya iyo diodh-baxa iftiinka, iyo ilaha iftiinka ee isku xiran waxaa ka mid ah leysarka adag, leysarka dareeraha ah, leysarka gaaska,laser semiconductoriyolaser fiber. Kuwa soo socda ayaa inta badan loogu talagalayisha iftiinka laysarkasi weyn loo isticmaalo berrinkii dareenka fiber sannadihii la soo dhaafay: line cidhiidhi width hal-frequency laser, hal-wavelength xaaqay soo noqnoqda laser iyo laser cad.
1.1 Shuruudaha loo baahan yahay dhex-dhexaadka cidhiidhiga ahilaha iftiinka laysarka
Nidaamka dareenka fiber indhaha lama kala saari karo isha laysarka, sida la qiyaasay mowjadda iftiinka side signal, isha iftiinka laser laftiisa waxqabadka, sida xasiloonida awoodda, linewidth laser, qaylada wajiga iyo xuduudaha kale ee nidaamka dareenka fiber indhaha masaafada ogaanshaha, ogaanshaha saxnaanta, dareenka iyo sifooyinka sanqadha ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, iyada oo la horumarinayo nidaamyada dareenka fiber indhaha ee fog-dheer ee aadka u sarreeya, akadeemiyada iyo warshadaha ayaa soo bandhigay shuruudo adag oo loogu talagalay waxqabadka linewidth ee miniaturization laser, inta badan: tikniyoolajiyadda muraayadda indhaha ee soo noqnoqda (OFDR) waxay isticmaashaa isku xirnaan. tignoolajiyada ogaanshaha si loo falanqeeyo calaamadaha kala firdhisan ee backrayleigh ee fiilooyinka indhaha ee xadka soo noqnoqda, oo leh dabool balaadhan (kumanaan mitir). Faa'iidooyinka xallinta sare (xallinta heerka millimitirka) iyo dareenka sare (illaa -100 dBm) waxay noqdeen mid ka mid ah tignoolajiyada leh rajooyin codsi oo ballaaran oo cabbiraadda fiilada indhaha ee la qaybiyey iyo tignoolajiyada dareenka. Xudunta tignoolajiyada OFDR waa in la isticmaalo isha iftiinka la hagaajin karo si loo gaaro hagaajinta soo noqnoqda indhaha, markaa waxqabadka isha laysarka ayaa go'aamisa arrimaha muhiimka ah sida kala duwanaanshaha ogaanshaha OFDR, dareenka iyo xallinta. Marka masaafada barta milicsiga ay ku dhowdahay dhererka isku xirnaanta, xoojinta calaamada garaacista waxaa si weyn u yarayn doona iskuxiraha τ/τc. Isha iftiinka Gaussian oo leh qaab muuqaal ah, si loo hubiyo in inta jeer ee garaaca ay leedahay wax ka badan 90% muuqaal, xiriirka ka dhexeeya ballaca xariiqda isha iftiinka iyo dhererka dareenka ugu badan ee nidaamku ku guuleysan karo waa Lmax ~ 0.04vg /f, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in fiber-ka dhererkiisu yahay 80 km, ballaca xariiqda ilayska ayaa ka yar 100 Hz. Intaa waxaa dheer, horumarinta codsiyada kale ayaa sidoo kale soo bandhigay shuruudo sare oo loogu talagalay laynka iftiinka iftiinka. Tusaale ahaan, nidaamka hydrophone fiber optic, dhex-ballaadhnaanta isha iftiinka ayaa go'aamisa qaylada nidaamka waxayna sidoo kale go'aamisaa calaamadda ugu yar ee la cabbiri karo ee nidaamka. In Brillouin Optical Time Domain reflector (BOTDR), cabbiraadda heerkulka iyo walbahaarka waxaa inta badan lagu go'aamiyaa dhex-dhexaadka isha iftiinka. In resonator fiber optic gyro, dhererka isku xirnaanta ee hirarka iftiinka waa la kordhin karaa iyada oo la dhimayo ballaadhka laynka isha iftiinka, taas oo hagaajinaysa ganaaxa iyo qoto dheer ee resonance ee resonator, yaraynta ballaca xariiqda resonator-ka, iyo hubinta cabbirka saxnaanta gyro fiber optic.
1.2 Shuruudaha loo baahan yahay in la xaaqo ilaha laysarka
Mawjadaha xaaqida kaliya ee leyserku wuxuu leeyahay waxqabadka hagaajinta mawjada dhererka dabacsan, wuxuu bedeli karaa wax soo saar badan oo lasers ah oo dhererkiisu go'an yahay, wuxuu yareynayaa qiimaha dhismaha nidaamka, waa qayb lama huraan ah oo ka mid ah nidaamka dareenka fiber indhaha. Tusaale ahaan, marka la eego dareenka faybarka gaaska, noocyada kala duwan ee gaasku waxay leeyihiin heerar kala duwan oo nuugista gaaska. Si loo hubiyo hufnaanta nuugista iftiinka marka gaaska cabbirka uu ku filan yahay oo la gaaro dareenka cabbirka sare, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la waafajiyo dhererka hirarka isha iftiinka gudbinta ugu sarreysa nuugista molecule gaaska. Nooca gaaska ee la ogaan karo waxaa asal ahaan lagu go'aamiyaa hirarka dhererka isha iftiinka. Sidaa darteed, laysarka laydhka ah ee cidhiidhiga ah ee leh waxqabadka hagaajinta baladh-bandheedka deggan ayaa leh dabacsanaan cabbiraad sare leh oo ku jira nidaamyada dareenka noocaas ah. Tusaale ahaan, qaar ka mid ah hababka dareemayaasha fiber indhaha ee loo qaybiyey oo ku salaysan milicsiga goobaha soo noqnoqda indhaha, laysarka wuxuu u baahan yahay in si degdeg ah loo xaaqo si loo gaaro ogaanshaha saxda ah ee saxda ah iyo hoos u dhigista calaamadaha indhaha, markaa heerka beddelka isha laysarka ayaa leh shuruudo aad u sarreeya. , iyo xawaaraha xaaqidda laysarka la hagaajin karo waxaa badanaa loo baahan yahay inuu gaaro 10 pm/μs. Intaa waxaa dheer, mawjadaha dhererka la hagaajin karo ee cidhiidhiga ah ee laydhka ah ayaa sidoo kale si weyn loogu isticmaali karaa liDAR, laysarka fogaanta iyo falanqaynta muuqaalka sare ee xallinta iyo meelaha kale ee dareenka. Si loo daboolo shuruudaha cabbiraadaha waxqabadka sare ee hagaajinta bandwidth, hagaajinta saxnaanta iyo hagaajinta xawaaraha laser-ka-mawjadaha-hal-mawjadaha ee berrinka dareenka fiber-ka, hadafka guud ee daraasadda laser-ballac-ballaadhan-cidhiidhi ah sannadihii la soo dhaafay waa in la gaaro sare- hagaajinta saxda ah ee mawjadaha dhererka weyn ee ku salaysan raadinta laysarka aadka u cidhiidhi ah, qaylada wejiga aadka u hooseeya, iyo soo noqnoqda wax soo saarka ultra- xasilloon.
1.3 Baahida isha iftiinka laysarka cad
Dhinaca dareenka indhaha, laser iftiin cad oo tayo sare leh ayaa muhiimad weyn u leh hagaajinta waxqabadka nidaamka. Marka uu sii balaadhiyo daboolka spectrum-ka ee leysarka iftiinka cad, ayaa si aad ah u ballaaran codsigeeda nidaamka dareenka fiber indhaha. Tusaale ahaan, marka la isticmaalayo fiber Bragg grating (FBG) si loo dhiso shabakad dareeme, falanqaynta spectral ama habka is waafajinta shaandhada la hagaajin karo ayaa loo isticmaali karaa hoos u dhigista. Kii hore wuxuu isticmaalay spectrometer si uu si toos ah u tijaabiyo hirarka FBG kasta ee shabakada Midda dambe waxay isticmaashaa shaandhaynta tixraaca si ay ula socoto oo ugu cabbirto FBG xagga dareenka, labadooduba waxay u baahan yihiin ilayska ballaadhan sida isha iftiinka FBG. Sababtoo ah shabakad kasta oo marin u helka FBG waxay yeelan doontaa luminta gelinta gaar ah, oo ay leedahay xajmigeedu ka badan yahay 0.1 nm, isku mar-ka-dhigista FBG-da badan waxay u baahan tahay il-furan oo leh awood sare iyo baaxad sare. Tusaale ahaan, marka la isticmaalayo grating fiber muddo dheer ah (LPFG) si loo dareemo, maadaama xawaaraha halbeegga ugu sarreeya ee khasaaraha uu yahay nidaamka 10 nm, ilo iftiin ballaaran oo leh bandwidth ku filan iyo muuqaal siman ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo si sax ah u muujiyo resonant. sifooyinka ugu sarreeya. Gaar ahaan, grating acoustic fiber grating (AIFG) oo la dhisay iyadoo la adeegsanayo saameynta acousto-optical waxay gaari kartaa hagaajin kala duwan oo dhererka hirarka resonant ilaa 1000 nm iyadoo la adeegsanayo hagaajin koronto. Sidaa darteed, tijaabinta grating fir-fircoon ee leh kala duwanaanta hagaajinta aadka u ballaaran waxay caqabad weyn ku tahay baaxadda xajmiyeedka isha iftiinka ballaaran. Si la mid ah, sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, shabageynta fiber-ka ee Bragg ayaa sidoo kale si weyn loogu isticmaalay goobta dareenka fiber-ka. Iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay sifooyinkeeda khasaaraha badan ee ugu sarreeya, kala qaybinta hirarka dhererka waxay badanaa gaari kartaa 40 nm. Habka dareemida badanaa waa in la is barbar dhigo dhaqdhaqaaqa qaraabada ah ee ka dhexeeya meelaha ugu sarreeya ee gudbinta, sidaas darteed waa lagama maarmaan in si buuxda loo cabbiro spectrum gudbinta. Baaxadda iyo awoodda isha iftiinka spectrum ballaaran ayaa looga baahan yahay inay sare u kacaan.
2. Heerka cilmi-baarista gudaha iyo dibadda
2.1 Isha iftiinka laysarka oo fidsan
1.1
Sannadkii 2006, Cliche et al. hoos u dhigay miisaanka MHz ee semiconductorDFB laser(laysarka jawaab celinta loo qaybiyay) ilaa miisaanka kHz iyadoo la adeegsanayo habka jawaab celinta korantada; Sannadkii 2011, Kessler et al. la isticmaalo heerkul hooseeya iyo xasillooni sare oo hal dalool ah oo ay weheliso xakamaynta jawaab celinta firfircoon si loo helo wax soo saarka laysarka ee aadka u cidhiidhi ah ee 40 MHz; Sannadkii 2013, Peng et al waxay heleen wax-soo-saarka leysarka semiconductor-ka oo leh 15 kHz dhex-ballaaran iyadoo la adeegsanayo habka dib-u-habeynta Fabry-Perot (FP) ee dibedda. Habka jawaab celinta korantada inta badan waxay isticmaashay jawaab celinta xasilinta soo noqnoqda ee Pond-Drever-Hall si loo yareeyo laydhka laydhka ee isha iftiinka. Sannadkii 2010, Bernhardi et al. soo saaray 1 cm oo ah erbium-doped alumina FBG on substrate silicon oxide si loo helo wax soo saarka laysarka oo leh ballac xariiq ah oo ku saabsan 1.7 kHz. Isla sanadkaas, Liang et al. isticmaalay jawaab celinta is-mudidda ee kala firdhisanaanta Rayleigh ee uu sameeyay resonator-sare-Q echo darbi-soo-jiidhiyaha laydhka-ballaadhka leysarka semiconductor, sida ku cad Jaantuska 1, oo ugu dambayntii la helay wax-soo-saarka laser-ballac cidhiidhi ah oo ah 160 Hz.
Jaantuska 1 (a) Jaantuska isku xidhka laydhka semiconductor-ka ee ku salaysan is-mudidda Rayleigh ee kala firdhisanaanta qaab-sheegashada gallery ee dibadda;
(b) Inta jeer ee leysarka orodka bilaashka ah ee semiconductor leh ballaciisu yahay 8 MHz;
(c) Inta jeer ee leysarka oo leh linewidth oo la cadaadiyo ilaa 160 Hz
2.1.2 Laser fiber linewid cidhiidhi ah
Layserrada fiilada tooska ah ee godka toosan, wax soo saarka leysarka fidsan ee cidhiidhiga ah ee qaab hal-dheeri ah waxaa lagu helaa iyadoo la gaabinayo dhererka resonator-ka iyo kordhinta dhexda qaabka dhererka. Sannadkii 2004, Spiegelberg et al. la helay hal qaab oo dhererkiisu cidhiidhi ah wax soo saarka leysarka ballackiisu yahay 2 kHz iyadoo la adeegsanayo habka dalool gaaban ee DBR. Sannadkii 2007, Shen et al. waxay isticmaashay 2cm oo silikoon ah oo erbium-doped ah oo culus ah si ay ugu qorto FBG Fiber sawir-qaade ah oo Bi-Ge ah, oo ay ku dartay fiber firfircoon si ay u sameyso dalool toosan oo is haysta, taasoo ka dhigaysa balaceeda xariiqda wax soo saarka leysarka wax ka yar 1 kHz. Sannadkii 2010, Yang et al. loo adeegsaday dalool toosan oo 2cm oo heer sare ah oo lagu daray shaandheynta FBG-yar ee cidhiidhi ah si loo helo wax soo saarka laysarka ee qaab-dheer ee ballaciisu ka yar yahay 2 kHz. 2014, kooxdu waxay adeegsatay dalool toosan oo gaaban (resonator resonator oo laalaaban) oo ay weheliso filter FBG-FP si ay u helaan wax soo saarka laysarka oo leh ballac xariiqa cidhiidhi ah, sida ku cad sawirka 3. 2012, Cai et al. loo adeegsaday qaab dhismeedka dalool gaaban oo 1.4cm ah si loo helo soosaarka leysarka soo saarista leh awood wax soo saar ka weyn 114 mW, dhexda mawjadaha 1540.3 nm, iyo balac xariiqa 4.1 kHz. Sannadkii 2013, Meng et al. loo isticmaalo firdhinta Brillouin ee erbium-doped fiber oo leh giraan gaaban oo qalab ilaalin ah oo buuxda si loo helo qaab hal-dheer ah, wax soo saarka laysarka ee weji hoose oo leh awood wax soo saar ah 10 mW. Sannadkii 2015, kooxdu waxay adeegsatay dalool giraan ah oo ka kooban 45 cm erbium-doped fiber sida firdhinta Brillouin waxay helaysaa dhexdhexaad si ay u helaan marin hoose iyo wax soo saarka laysarka oo cidhiidhi ah.
Jaantuska 2 (a) Sawir gacmeedka leysarka fiber-ka ee SLC;
(b) Qaabka xariiqda calaamadda heterodyne oo lagu cabiray daahitaanka 97.6 km fiber
Waqtiga boostada: Nov-20-2023