Mabaadi'da iyo noocyada laysarka

Mabaadi'da iyo noocyadalaysar
Waa maxay laysarka?
LASER (Awood-siinta Iftiinka oo ay kiciso Qiiqa Shucaaca); Si aad u hesho fikrad wanaagsan, fiiri sawirka hoose:

Atam heer tamar sare ah ayaa si iskiis ah ugu wareegaya heer tamar oo hooseeya wuxuuna soo saarayaa photon, oo ah hab loo yaqaan shucaac iskiis ah.
Caan waxaa loo fahmi karaa: kubbad dhulka ku taal ayaa ah booska ugu habboon, marka kubadda lagu riixo hawada xoog dibadda ah (oo loo yaqaan bamgareyn), isla marka xoogga dibadda uu baaba'o, kubbaddu waxay ka dhacdaa meel sare, waxayna sii deysaa tamar gaar ah. Haddii kubaddu tahay atom gaar ah, markaas atamkaasi wuxuu soo daayaa photon oo leh mowjad gaar ah inta lagu jiro kala-guurka.

Kala soocidda laysarka
Dadku waxay barteen mabda'a jiilka laysarka, waxay bilaabeen inay horumariyaan noocyo kala duwan oo laysarka ah, haddii sida waafaqsan qalabka shaqada laysarka si loo kala saaro, loo qaybin karo laysarka gaaska, laysarka adag, laysarka semiconductor, iwm.
1, kala soocidda laysarka gaaska: atom, molecule, ion;
Walxaha shaqada ee laysarka gaaska waa gaas ama uumi bir ah, kaas oo lagu garto hirar ballaaran oo ka soo baxa laysarka. Tan ugu badan waa laysarka CO2, kaas oo CO2 loo isticmaalo sidii walax shaqaynaysa si loo soo saaro laysarka infrared-ka ah ee 10.6um iyadoo la adeegsanayo kicinta dheecaanka korontada.
Maadaama walaxda shaqada ee laysarka gaaska ay tahay gaas, qaab-dhismeedka guud ee laysarka aad buu u weyn yahay, hirarka wax soo saarka ee laysarka gaaskana aad buu u dheer yahay, waxqabadka farsamaynta agabkana ma fiicna. Sidaa darteed, laysarka gaaska ayaa dhawaan laga saaray suuqa, waxaana loo isticmaalay oo keliya meelo gaar ah, sida calaamadaynta laysarka ee qaybaha balaastikada ah qaarkood.
2, laysarka adagkala soocidda: ruby, Nd:YAG, iwm.;
Qalabka shaqada ee laysarka adag waa ruby, galaaska neodymium, Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG), iwm., kaas oo ah qadar yar oo ion ah oo si isku mid ah loogu daray kiristaalka ama galaaska maaddada sida matrix, oo loo yaqaan ion firfircoon.
Laser-ka xaalad adag wuxuu ka kooban yahay walax shaqeyneysa, nidaam bamgareyn ah, resonator iyo nidaam qaboojin iyo shaandhayn. Afargeeska madow ee ku yaal bartamaha sawirka hoose waa kiristaal laysar ah, kaas oo u eg muraayad iftiin leh oo hufan wuxuuna ka kooban yahay kiristaal hufan oo lagu dahaadhay biraha dhulka naadirka ah. Waa qaab-dhismeedka gaarka ah ee atamka birta dhulka naadirka ah kaas oo sameeya rogrogmo tirada walxaha marka uu iftiimiyo ilo iftiin ah (si fudud u faham in kubbado badan oo dhulka ku yaal lagu riixo hawada), ka dibna wuxuu soo saaraa fotonno marka walxaha ay kala wareegaan, marka tirada fotonnada ay ku filan tahay, sameynta leysarka. Si loo hubiyo in leysarka la sii daayay uu hal jiho u soo baxo, waxaa jira muraayado buuxa (muraayadaha bidix) iyo muraayadaha wax soo saarka ee nus-milicsiga leh (muraayadaha midig). Marka la soo saaro leysarka ka dibna loo maro naqshad gaar ah oo indhaha ah, sameynta tamarta leysarka.

3, laysarka semiconductor-ka
Marka ay timaado laysarka semiconductor-ka, waxaa si fudud loo fahmi karaa inay tahay photodiode, waxaa jira isgoys PN ah oo ku jira diode-ka, marka la daro koronto gaar ah, kala-guurka elektaroonigga ah ee semiconductor-ka ayaa la sameeyaa si loo sii daayo foton, taasoo keenta laysar. Marka tamarta laysarka ee semiconductor-ku ay yar tahay, qalabka semiconductor-ka ee awoodda yar waxaa loo isticmaali karaa inuu noqdo isha bamka (ilaha kicinta) eelaysarka fiber-ka, sidaas darteed waxaa la sameeyaa laysarka fiber-ka. Haddii awoodda laysarka semiconductor-ka la kordhiyo ilaa heer si toos ah loogu soo saari karo agabka wax lagu farsameeyo, waxay noqonaysaa laysarka semiconductor-ka tooska ah. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, laysarka semiconductor-ka tooska ah ee suuqa yaalla ayaa gaaray heerka 10,000-watt.

Marka laga soo tago laysarka dhowrka ah ee kor ku xusan, dadku waxay sidoo kale ikhtiraaceen laysarka dareeraha ah, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan laysarka shidaalka. laysarka dareeraha ah waa kuwo ka adag mugga iyo walxaha shaqeeya marka loo eego adkaha waana dhif in la isticmaalo.