Mabaadi'da iyo noocyada laysarka

Mabaadi'da iyo noocyadaleysarka
Waa maxay laysarka?
LASER (Balaadhinta Iftiinka ee Shucaaca la kiciyay); Si aad fikrad wanaagsan u hesho, eeg sawirka hoose:

Atomka heerka tamar sare si iskiis ah ayuu u gudbiyaa heer tamar hoose wuxuuna soo saaraa photon, habka loo yaqaan shucaaca iskiis ah.
Caanka ah waxaa loo fahmi karaa sida: Kubbada dhulka ku taal waa meesha ugu habboon, marka kubbadda hawada lagu riixo xoog dibadeed (oo loo yaqaan bamgareynta), isla marka xoogga dibadda uu baaba'o, kubbadu waxay ka soo dhacdaa joog sare, oo sii daaya xoogaa tamar ah. Haddii kubbadu ay tahay atom gaar ah, markaas atamkaas wuxuu soo saarayaa sawir-mawjadaha dhererka gaarka ah inta lagu jiro kala-guurka.

Kala soocidda laysarka
Dadku waxay ku guulaysteen mabda'a jiilka laysarka, waxay bilaabeen inay horumariyaan foomamka kala duwan ee laser, haddii sida laga soo xigtay qalabka shaqada laser si loo kala saaro, waxaa loo qaybin karaa laser gaas, laser adag, laser semiconductor, iwm.
1, kala soocidda laser gaaska: atom, molecule, ion;
Walaxda shaqaynaysa ee leysarka gaaska waa gaas ama uumiga birta, kaas oo lagu garto mawjada dhererka ballaaran ee wax soo saarka laysarka. Kan ugu caansan waa CO2 laser, kaas oo CO2 loo isticmaalo walxo shaqaynaysa si loo dhaliyo leysarka infrared ee 10.6um iyada oo kicinaysa dareeraha korantada.
Sababtoo ah walaxda shaqada ee laser gaasku waa gaas, qaabka guud ee laysarka waa mid aad u weyn, iyo dhererka dhererka dhererka gaaska gaaska waa mid aad u dheer, waxqabadka wax-qabadka ma aha mid wanaagsan. Sidaa darteed, laser-ka gaaska ayaa si dhakhso ah looga saaray suuqa, waxaana loo isticmaali jiray oo kaliya meelo gaar ah, sida calaamadaynta laysarka qaybo caag ah.
2, laser adagkala soocidda: ruby, Nd: YAG, iwm.;
Qalabka shaqada ee leysarka gobolka adag waa ruby, galaas neodymium, Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG), iwm, taas oo ah qadar yar oo ions ah oo isku mid ah oo lagu daray crystal ama galaas walxaha sida matrix, oo loo yaqaan ions firfircoon.
Laydhka adag ee gobolka wuxuu ka kooban yahay walxo shaqeynaya, nidaamka bamgareynta, resonator iyo nidaamka qaboojinta iyo shaandhaynta. square madow ee dhexda sawirka hoose waa crystal laser ah, kaas oo u eg muraayad hufan oo iftiin leh iyo wuxuu ka kooban yahay kareem hufan oo lagu dhejiyay biro dhul dhif ah. Waa qaab dhismeedka gaarka ah ee atamka birta ah ee naadirka ah kaas oo sameeya rogrogis dadweyne marka ay iftiimiso isha iftiinka (si fudud u faham in kubbado badan oo dhulka ah lagu riixo hawada), ka dibna soo saara photons marka qaybuhu kala wareegaan, iyo marka tirada photons ayaa ku filan, samaynta laser.Si loo hubiyo in laser-ka la soo saaray uu ka soo baxo hal jiho, waxaa jira muraayado buuxa (lens bidix) iyo muraayadaha wax-soo-saarka semi-milicsiga (lens saxda ah). Marka wax soo saarka laysarka ka dibna iyada oo loo marayo naqshad muuqaal ah oo gaar ah, samaynta tamarta laysarka.

3, laser semiconductor
Marka ay timaado leysarka semiconductor, waxaa si fudud loo fahmi karaa sida photodiode, waxaa jira isgoysyada PN ee diode, iyo marka qayb gaar ah lagu daro, kala-guurka elektaroonigga ah ee semiconductor ayaa la sameeyay si loo sii daayo photons, taasoo keentay laser. Marka tamarta laysarka uu sii daayo semiconductor-ku yar yahay, aaladda semiconductor-ka tamarta yar waxaa loo isticmaali karaa isha bamka ( isha excitation) eelaser fiber, sidaas darteed laser fiber-ka ayaa la sameeyay. Haddii awoodda leysarka semiconductor ay sii korodho ilaa heer ay si toos ah u soo saari karto si loo farsameeyo qalabka, waxay noqotaa laser semiconductor toos ah. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, leysarka tooska ah ee semiconductor ee suuqa ayaa gaaray heerka 10,000-watt.

Marka laga soo tago dhowrka laser ee sare, dadku waxay sidoo kale ikhtiraaceen leysarka dareeraha ah, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan lasers shidaal. Laysarka dareeraha ah ayaa ka adag mugga iyo walaxda shaqaynaysa marka loo eego kuwa adag oo si dhif ah loo isticmaalo.