Heerka TW attosecond raajada garaaca wadnaha

Heerka TW attosecond raajada garaaca wadnaha
X-ray-ga labaadlaser garaaca wadnahaoo leh awood sare iyo muddada garaaca garaaca gaaban ayaa ah furaha lagu gaaro ultrafast spectroscopy aan toos ahayn iyo sawir-qaadista raajada. Kooxda cilmi-baadhista ee Maraykanka waxay adeegsadeen kasad ka kooban laba marxaladoodLaysarada elektarooniga ah ee raajo-la'aanta ahsi loo soo saaro garaaca garaaca daqiiqadaha kala duwan. Marka la barbar dhigo warbixinnada jira, celceliska awoodda ugu sarreysa ee garaaca wadnaha ayaa lagu kordhiyaa habab baaxad leh, awoodda ugu sarreysa waa 1.1 TW, tamarta dhexena waxay ka badan tahay 100 μJ. Daraasadu waxay sidoo kale bixisaa caddayn xooggan oo ku saabsan dabeecadda soliton-la mid ah oo ka sarreeya goobta raajada.Laysarka tamarta sare lehwaxay keeneen meelo badan oo cusub oo cilmi baaris ah, oo ay ku jiraan fiisigiska goobta sare, attosecond spectroscopy, iyo dardargeliyayaasha walxaha laser. Dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee laysarka, raajada ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa ogaanshaha caafimaadka, ogaanshaha cilladaha warshadaha, kormeerka badbaadada iyo cilmi baarista sayniska. Laser-ka bilaashka ah ee raajada (XFEL) wuxuu kordhin karaa awoodda ugu sarreysa ee raajada iyadoo la raacayo dhawr amar oo baaxad leh marka loo eego tignoolajiyada kale ee jiilka raajada, sidaas darteed waxay kordhinaysaa adeegsiga raajada ee goobta spectroscopy aan toos ahayn iyo hal- Sawir-qaadista qayb ka mid ah meesha awood sare looga baahan yahay. XFEL-kii ugu dambeeyay ee lagu guuleystay waa guul weyn oo laga gaaray sayniska iyo tignoolajiyada labaad, taasoo kordhinaysa awoodda ugu sarreysa ee la heli karo in ka badan lix amar oo cabbir ah marka loo eego ilaha raajada ee kursiga.

Laysarka elektarooniga ah ee bilaashka ahwaxay heli kartaa tamarta garaaca habab badan oo ka sarreeya heerka qiiqa iskiis ah iyadoo la adeegsanayo xasillooni darro wadajir ah, taas oo ay sababtay isdhexgalka joogtada ah ee goobta shucaaca ee iftiinka elektarooniga ah iyo oscillator magnetic. Kala duwanaanshaha raajada adag (qiyaastii 0.01 nm ilaa 0.1 nm mawjadda dhererka), FEL waxaa lagu gaaraa isku xidhka xidhmo iyo farsamooyinka isku xidhka dheriga kadib. Kala duwanaanshaha raajo jilicsan (qiyaastii 0.1 nm ilaa 10 nm mawjadda dhererka), FEL waxaa fuliyaa tignoolajiyada cusub ee jarjaran. Dhowaan, garaaca garaaca attosecond leh awoodda ugu sarreysa ee 100 GW ayaa la sheegay in la soo saaray iyadoo la xoojiyey habka iskiis u sii daayo (ESASE).

Kooxda cilmi-baaristu waxay adeegsadeen nidaam laba-heer-weyneyn ah oo ku saleysan XFEL si ay u xoojiyaan raajada jilicsan ee attosecond ee garaaca wadnaha ee isku-xirnaanta linacil iftiin lehilaa heerka TW, waa siday u kala horreeyaan horumar baaxad leh marka loo eego natiijooyinka la soo sheegay. Habaynta tijaabada ah ayaa lagu muujiyay sawirka 1. Iyada oo ku saleysan habka ESASE, sawir-qaadista sawir-qaadista ayaa loo habeeyey si loo helo fiilo elektaroonik ah oo leh koronto hadda jira, waxaana loo isticmaalaa in lagu dhaliyo garaaca raajo attosecond. garaaca garaaca hore waxa uu ku yaalaa cidhifka hore ee taranka laydhka elektarooniga ah, sida ka muuqata geeska bidix ee sare ee Jaantuska 1. Marka XFEL gaadho saturation, laydhka elektarooniga ah ayaa dib loo dhigayaa marka loo eego raajada iyada oo loo marayo kombaresarada magnetka. ka dibna garaaca garaaca wuxuu la falgalaa iftiinka elektarooniga ah (jeex cusub) kaas oo aan wax laga beddelin ESASE modulation ama FEL laser. Ugu dambeyntii, magnetic undulator labaad ayaa loo isticmaalaa si loo sii kordhiyo raajooyinka iyada oo la adeegsanayo isdhexgalka attosecond iyo jeex cusub.

FIG 1 jaantuska qalabka tijaabada; Sawirku waxa uu tusinayaa booska wejiga dheer (jaantuska tamarta wakhtiga ee elektarooniga, cagaarka), astaanta hadda jirta (buluuga), iyo shucaaca uu soo saaray cod-weyneysiinta amarka koowaad (guduud). XTCAV, X-band dalool transverse; cVMI, nidaamka sawir-qaadista degdega ah ee coaxial; FZP, Fresnel band spectrometer saxan

Dhammaan garaaca wadnaha attosecond waxay ka dhismeen buuq, sidaas darteed garaac kasta wuxuu leeyahay astaamo kala duwan oo muuqaal ah iyo waqti-domain, kaas oo cilmi-baarayaashu ay si faahfaahsan u sahamiyeen. Marka la eego spectra, waxay adeegsadeen spectrometer saxan Fresnel band si ay u cabbiraan spectra ee garaaca shaqsi ee dhererka undulator u dhigma, oo waxay ogaadeen in spectra kuwani ay ilaaliyeen mowjadaha siman xitaa ka dib markii sare u qaadis sare, taasoo muujinaysa in garaaca wadnaha ayaa weli ah unimodal. Waqtiga goobta, cirifka xagasha ayaa la cabbiraa waxaana lagu gartaa qaabka waveformka wakhtiga ee garaaca wadnaha. Sida ku cad Jaantuska 1, garaaca raajada waxa lagu dahaadhay garaaca laysarka infrared oo wareegaysan. Sawir-qaadayaasha ionized by garaaca raajada ayaa soo saari doona xariijimo jihada ka soo horjeeda awoodda vector ee leysarka infrared. Sababtoo ah goobta korantada ee laysarka ayaa wareegeysa waqti, qaybinta firfircoonida photoelectron waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa wakhtiga qiiqa elektaroonigga ah, iyo xiriirka ka dhexeeya habka angular ee wakhtiga qiiqa iyo qaybinta firfircoonida photoelectron ayaa la aasaasay. Qaybinta firfircoonida sawir-qaadista waxaa lagu cabbiraa iyadoo la isticmaalayo sawir-qaade sawir-qaadis degdeg ah oo coaxial ah. Iyada oo ku saleysan qaybinta iyo natiijooyinka muuqaalka, mowjadaha waqtiga- domain ee garaaca garaaca wadnaha ayaa dib loo dhisi karaa. Jaantuska 2 (a) wuxuu muujinayaa qaybinta muddada garaaca wadnaha, oo leh dhexdhexaad ah 440 sida. Ugu dambeyntii, qalabka kormeerka gaaska ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu cabbiro tamarta garaaca wadnaha, iyo xajmiga kala firdhisan ee u dhexeeya awoodda garaaca wadnaha ugu sarreysa iyo muddada garaaca wadnaha sida ku cad Jaantus 2 (b) ayaa la xisaabiyay. Saddexda habayn waxay u dhigmaan xaaladaha kala duwan ee iftiinka iftiinka elektarooniga ah, xaaladaha qulqulaya iyo xaaladaha daahitaanka kombaresarada. Saddexda habayn ayaa keenay celceliska tamarta garaaca wadnaha ee 150, 200, iyo 260 µJ, siday u kala horreeyaan, oo leh awoodda ugu sarreysa ee 1.1 TW.

Jaantuska 2. (a) Qaybinta Histogramka dhererka nuska ballac buuxa (FWHM) muddada garaaca wadnaha; (b) Kala firdhi goob u dhiganta awoodda ugu sarreysa iyo muddada garaaca wadnaha

Intaa waxaa dheer, daraasadda ayaa sidoo kale lagu arkay markii ugu horeysay ifafaale u eg superemission soliton ee band raajada, kaas oo u muuqda sida garaaca garaaca wadnaha joogtada ah inta lagu jiro xoojinta. Waxaa sababa isdhexgalka xooggan ee u dhexeeya elektarooniga iyo shucaaca, iyadoo tamar si degdeg ah looga wareejinayo elektarooniga loona wareejiyo madaxa garaaca raajada oo dib loogu celiyo elektarooniga dabada garaaca garaaca. Iyada oo si qoto dheer loo baarayo dhacdadan, waxaa la filayaa in garaaca raajada ee muddada gaaban iyo awoodda ugu sarreysa ay sii gaari karto in la sii xaqiijiyo iyada oo la dheereynayo habka kor u qaadista iyo ka faa'iidaysiga garaaca garaaca garaaca ee habka soliton-sida.