Microwave optoelectronics, sida magaca ka muuqata, waa isgoyska microwave iyooptoelectronics.Mawjadaha Microwaves iyo hirarka iftiinka waa hirarka elektromagnetic-ka, soo noqnoqdana waa amarro badan oo kala duwanaansho ah, qaybaha iyo teknoolojiyadda laga sameeyay goobahooda ayaa aad u kala duwan.Marka la isku daro, waan ka faa'iideysan karnaa midba midka kale, laakiin waxaan heli karnaa codsiyo cusub iyo astaamo ay adag tahay in la garto siday u kala horreeyaan.
Isgaarsiinta indhahawaa tusaalaha ugu muhiimsan ee isku darka microwaves iyo photoelectrons.Telefoonka hore iyo isgaarsiinta wireless-ka, jiilka, faafinta iyo soo dhaweynta calaamadaha, dhammaan aaladaha microwave-ka ee la isticmaalo.Mowjadaha korantada ee soo noqnoqda ee hooseeya ayaa la isticmaalaa marka hore sababtoo ah kala duwanaanta soo noqnoqda waa yar tahay awoodda kanaalka gudbinta waa yar tahay.Xalku waa in la kordhiyo inta jeer ee signalka la kala qaado, inta jeer ee soo noqnoqda, khayraadka spectrum badan.Laakiin calaamada soo noqnoqda ee sarreeya ee khasaaraha faafinta hawadu waa weyn yahay, laakiin sidoo kale way fududahay in la xannibo caqabadaha.Haddii fiilada la isticmaalo, lumista fiilada ayaa weyn, gudbinta fogaanta fogna waa dhibaato.Soo ifbaxa isgaadhsiinta fiber optic-ga ayaa xal fiican u ah dhibaatooyinkan.Fiber indhahaWaxa uu leeyahay khasaare gudbineed oo aad u hooseeya waana side aad u fiican ee gudbinta calaamadaha masaafo dheer.Inta jeer ee hirarka iftiinka ayaa aad uga weyn kan microwave-yada waxayna isku mar gudbin karaan kanaalo badan oo kala duwan.Sababtoo ah faa'iidooyinkangudbinta indhaha, Isgaarsiinta fiber optic-ga ayaa noqotay laf dhabarta gudbinta macluumaadka maanta.
Isgaadhsiinta indhaha ayaa leh taariikh dheer, cilmi baaris iyo codsi waa kuwo aad u ballaaran oo qaan-gaar ah, halkan maaha in la yiraahdo wax badan.Warqadani waxay inta badan soo bandhigaysaa nuxurka cilmi-baarista cusub ee mikrowave optoelectronics sanadihii ugu dambeeyay marka laga reebo isgaarsiinta indhaha.Microwave optoelectronics inta badan waxay isticmaashaa hababka iyo teknoolajiyada goobta optoelectronics sida side si loo hagaajiyo oo loo gaaro waxqabadka iyo codsiga ay adagtahay in lagu gaaro qaybaha elektiroonigga ah ee microwave dhaqameed.Marka laga eego dhinaca codsiga, waxa ay inta badan ka mid tahay saddexda dhinac ee soo socda.
Midda kowaad waa isticmaalka optoelectronics si loo dhaliyo wax-qabad sare, calaamadaha microwave-ka ee buuqa hooseeya, laga bilaabo X-band ilaa iyo band THz.
Marka labaad, ka baaraandegidda calaamadaha microwave.Oo ay ku jiraan daahitaanka, shaandhaynta, beddelka soo noqnoqda, helitaanka iyo wixii la mid ah.
Saddex, gudbinta calaamadaha analoogga.
Maqaalkan, qoraagu kaliya wuxuu soo bandhigayaa qaybta koowaad, jiilka calaamadaha microwave.Mowjadda milimitirka mikrowave ee dhaqameed waxaa inta badan dhaliya iii_V qaybaha microelectronic.Xaddidaaddeeda waxay leedahay dhibcooyinka soo socda: Marka hore, xawliyada sare sida 100GHz ee kor ku xusan, microelectronics dhaqameedku waxay soo saari karaan awood yar oo yar, ilaa heerka sare ee THz signal, waxba ma samayn karaan.Marka labaad, si loo yareeyo qaylada wajiga loona hagaajiyo xasilloonida soo noqnoqda, aaladda asalka ah waxay u baahan tahay in la dhigo jawi heerkul aad u hooseeya.Saddexaad, way adagtahay in la gaaro tiro balaadhan oo ah beddelka soo noqnoqoshada soo noqnoqoshada.Si loo xalliyo dhibaatooyinkan, tignoolajiyada optoelectronic ayaa door ka ciyaari karta.Hababka ugu muhiimsan ayaa lagu qeexay hoos.
1. Iyada oo la adeegsanayo inta jeer ee kala duwanaanshaha laba calaamadood oo kala duwan oo laser ah, sawir-qaade-sare oo soo noqnoqda ayaa loo isticmaalaa si loogu beddelo calaamadaha microwave-ka, sida ku cad sawirka 1.
Jaantuska 1. Jaantuska jaantuska mikrowave-yada oo ay dhaliso inta jeer ee kala duwanaanshaha labaleysarka.
Faa'iidooyinka habkani waa qaab-dhismeed fudud, wuxuu dhalin karaa hirar millimitir oo aad u sarreeya iyo xitaa calaamadda soo noqnoqda ee THz, iyo iyadoo la hagaajinayo inta jeer ee laser-ka waxay fulin kartaa tiro badan oo isbeddel ah oo soo noqnoqonaya, xaaqid joogto ah.Khasaaraha ayaa ah in sawaxanka xadhkaha ama sawaxanka kala duwanaanshaha calaamada soo noqnoqda ee ay dhaliyaan laba calaamadood oo layser ah oo aan xidhiidhsanayn uu aad u weyn yahay, xasiloonida soo noqnoqdana ma sarayso, gaar ahaan haddii leysarka semiconductor oo mug yar leh balse xariiq weyn (~ MHz) waa loo isticmaalo.Haddii shuruudaha mugga miisaanka nidaamku aanay sarreyn, waxaad isticmaali kartaa qaylada hoose (~ kHz) laser-state adag,lasers fiber, dalool dibadda ahleysarka semiconductor, iwm. Intaa waxaa dheer, laba nooc oo kala duwan oo ah calaamadaha laysarka ee laga soo saaro isla godka laysarka ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa in lagu dhaliyo kala duwanaansho kala duwan, si waxqabadka xasilloonida inta jeer ee microwave uu si weyn u wanaajiyo.
2. Si loo xalliyo mushkiladda in labada leys ee habkii hore aanay isku xidhnayn oo buuqa wajiga signalada ka dhashaa uu aad u weyn yahay, isku xidhnaanta labada laysarka waxa lagu heli karaa habka xidhitaanka wejiga qufulka soo noqnoqda ama wejiga jawaab celinta taban. wareegga quful.Jaantuska 2 wuxuu muujinayaa codsiga caadiga ah ee qufulka irbada si loo dhaliyo dhufashada mikrowave (Jaantuska 2).Adigoo si toos ah ugu duraya calaamadaha soo noqnoqda ee hadda jira laser semiconductor, ama iyadoo la adeegsanayo modulator-wejiga LinBO3, calaamado badan oo muuqaal ah oo soo noqnoqonaya oo leh kala fogaansho siman oo siman ayaa la soo saari karaa, ama shanlooyinka soo noqnoqda indhaha.Dabcan, habka caadiga ah ee la isticmaalo si loo helo shanlada soo noqnoqda indhaha ee ballaaran waa in la isticmaalo leys qaab qufulan.Laba calaamadood oo shanlo ah oo ku jira shanlada soo noqnoqoshada indhaha ee la soo saaray ayaa lagu doortaa iyadoo la shaandhaynayo laguna duri karo leysarka 1 iyo 2 siday u kala horreeyaan si loo xaqiijiyo inta jeer iyo quful wejiga siday u kala horreeyaan.Sababtoo ah wejiga u dhexeeya calaamadaha shanlada kala duwan ee shanlada soo noqnoqda indhaha waa mid deggan, sidaa daraadeed marxaladda qaraabada ah ee u dhaxaysa labada laysarka waa mid deggan, ka dibna habka kala duwanaanshaha inta jeer ee lagu sharraxay ka hor, calaamadaha microwave ee jeermiska badan ee Qiyaasta shanlada inta jeer ee indhaha ayaa la heli karaa.
Jaantuska 2. Jaantuska jaantuska ee soo noqnoqda mikrowave signal labanlaabmaya ee ay dhaliso quful joogta ah oo durdurid ah.
Siyaabo kale oo lagu dhimi karo sawaxanka wejiga qaraabo ee labada leysarka waa in la isticmaalo falcelin taban oo indhaha ah PLL, sida ku cad sawirka 3.
Jaantuska 3. Jaantuska jaantuska ee OPL.
Mabda'a PLL ee indhaha ayaa la mid ah kan PLL ee goobta elektiroonigga ah.Farqiga wejiga ee labada laysarka waxa loo beddelaa calaamad koronto by sawir-qaade (oo u dhiganta wejiga baaraha), ka dibna farqiga wejiga ee u dhexeeya labada laysarka ayaa la helayaa iyadoo la samaynayo soo noqnoqoshada farqiga isha isha microwave-ka, kaas oo la xoojiyay. oo la sifeeyay ka dibna dib loogu celiyay unugga kantaroolka soo noqnoqda ee mid ka mid ah laysarka (laysarka semiconductor, waa duritaanka hadda).Iyada oo loo marayo wareegga xakamaynta jawaab-celinta taban ee noocan oo kale ah, heerka soo noqnoqda ee u dhexeeya labada calaamadood ee laysarka ayaa lagu xidhay calaamada microwave-ka tixraaca.Calaamadaha indhaha ee la isku daray ayaa markaa lagu gudbin karaa fiilooyinka indhaha oo loo gudbiyaa sawir-qaade meel kale oo loo beddelo signalka microwave-ka.Sawaxanka wejiga ee soo baxay ee calaamada microwave-ku waxa ay ku dhowdahay in ay la mid tahay kan calaamada tixraaca ee ku dhex jirta xadhkaha wareegga wareegga jawaab celinta taban ee xidhan.Sawaxanka wejiga ee ka baxsan xadhkaha xadhkaha goosha waxa uu la mid yahay sawaxanka wejiga qaraabo ee labada laser ee asalka ah.
Intaa waxaa dheer, isha ishaarada mikrowave ee tixraaca sidoo kale waxaa lagu beddeli karaa ilo kale oo calaamado ah iyada oo loo marayo soo noqnoqoshada labanlaabida, soo noqnoqoshada qaybiyaha, ama farsamaynta soo noqnoqda, si inta jeer ee hoose ee signalka microwave loo labanlaabo, ama loo rogo RF-sare, calaamadaha THz.
Marka la barbar dhigo qufulka soo noqnoqda irbaddu waxay heli kartaa oo kaliya labanlaabmidda soo noqnoqoshada, wareegyada wajiga xiran ayaa aad u dabacsan, waxay soo saari karaan ku dhawaad qiyaaso aan sabab lahayn, iyo dabcan aad u adag.Tusaale ahaan, shanlada inta jeer ee indhaha ah ee uu dhaliyo modulator-ka sawir-qaade ee Jaantuska 2 ayaa loo adeegsadaa isha iftiinka, waxaana loop-ka wajiga qufulka ah loo isticmaalaa in si xushmad leh loo xidho inta jeer ee labada leysarka labada ishaaro ee shanlada indhaha, ka dibna dhalin Calaamadaha soo noqnoqda ee soo noqnoqda iyada oo loo marayo inta jeer ee kala duwanaanshaha, sida ku cad Jaantuska 4. f1 iyo f2 waa calaamadaha tixraaca ee labada PLLS siday u kala horreeyaan, iyo signalka microwave ee N * frep + f1 + f2 waxaa dhalin kara farqiga u dhexeeya soo noqnoqda laba laysarka.
Jaantus 4. Jaantuska jaantuska ee abuurista soo noqnoqoshooyin aan sabab lahayn iyadoo la isticmaalayo shanlooyinka soo noqnoqda indhaha iyo PLLS.
3. Isticmaal laysar garaaca habaysan oo quful si aad signalka garaaca wadnaha ugu beddelo signalka microwave dhex marasawirqaade.
Faa'iidada ugu weyn ee habkan waa in la heli karo calaamad leh xasillooni soo noqnoqda oo aad u wanaagsan iyo qaylada wejiga oo aad u hooseeya.Marka la xidho inta jeer ee laysarka si atomi iyo molecular kala-guurka spectrum aad u deggan, ama dalool indhaha oo aad u deggan, iyo isticmaalka is-laabashada soo noqnoqda ee baabi'inta soo noqnoqda nidaamka isbeddelka soo noqnoqda iyo teknoolajiyada kale, waxaan ku heli kartaa signal garaaca wadnaha oo aad u deggan oo leh soo noqnoqosho aad u deggan, si loo helo calaamada microwave-ka oo leh qaylada wejiga aadka u hooseeya.sawirka 5.
Jaantuska 5. Isbarbardhigga qaylada wejiga qaraabo ee ilaha calaamadaha kala duwan.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sababtoo ah heerka soo noqnoqda garaaca wadnaha ayaa ka soo horjeeda dhererka daloolka laysarka, iyo laysarka qaab-dhaqameedku waa weyn yahay, way adagtahay in si toos ah loo helo calaamadaha microwave ee soo noqnoqda.Intaa waxaa dheer, cabbirka, miisaanka iyo isticmaalka tamarta ee laser-dhaqameedka garaaca, iyo sidoo kale shuruudaha adag ee deegaanka, ayaa xaddidaya codsiyadooda shaybaarka.Si looga gudbo dhibaatooyinkan, cilmi-baaris ayaa dhawaan ka bilaabatay Mareykanka iyo Jarmalka iyadoo la adeegsanayo saameyn aan toos ahayn si ay u abuurto shanlooyinka indhaha ee joogtada ah ee aad u yar, tayada sare leh ee godad indhaha ah ee qaylada, taas oo iyaduna dhalisa calaamadaha microwave-ka ee qaylada hooseeya.
4. opto elektaroonik oscillator, Jaantus 6.
Jaantuska 6. Jaantuska jaantuska ee oscillator-ka korantada ee isku xidhan.
Mid ka mid ah hababka dhaqameed ee soo saarista microwaves ama lasers waa in la isticmaalo isku-celin isku-jabin ah oo xiran, ilaa inta faa'iidada ku jirta wareegga xiran ay ka weyn tahay khasaaraha, is-xakamaynta naftu waxay soo saari kartaa microwaves ama lasers.Markasta oo ay sareeyso qodobka tayada Q ee wareegga xiran, waa ay yaraaneysaa heerka calaamada la abuuray ama buuqa soo noqnoqda.Si loo kordhiyo tayada tayada wareegga, habka tooska ah waa in la kordhiyo dhererka wareegga oo la yareeyo khasaaraha faafinta.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, loop dheer ayaa sida caadiga ah taageeri kara jiilka habab badan oo oscillation ah, iyo haddii filter-bandwidth lagu daro, hal-soo noqnoqoshada sanqadh hooseeya ee microwave oscillation ayaa la heli karaa.Oscillator-ka isku-dhafan ee sawir-qaadista waa isha ishaarada microwave-ka ee ku salaysan fikraddan, waxay si buuxda u isticmaashaa sifooyinka lumitaanka fidinta yar ee fiber-ka, iyadoo la adeegsanayo fiber dheer si loo hagaajiyo wareegga Q, waxay soo saari kartaa calaamada microwave-ka oo leh buuq weji aad u hooseeya.Tan iyo markii habkan la soo jeediyay 1990-meeyadii, oscillator-ka noocan ah wuxuu helay cilmi-baaris ballaaran iyo horumar la taaban karo, waxaana hadda jira oscillators sawir-qaade ah oo ganacsi ah.Dhawaanahan, oscillators-ka korantada ee soo noqnoqoshadoodu lagu hagaajin karo tiro balaadhan ayaa la sameeyay.Dhibaatada ugu weyn ee ilaha ishaarada mikrowave ee ku saleysan qaab dhismeedkan ayaa ah in wareeggu dheer yahay, buuqa ku jira qulqulkiisa xorta ah (FSR) iyo inta jeer ee labanlaabka ah ayaa si weyn loo kordhin doonaa.Intaa waxaa dheer, qaybaha sawir-qaadista ee la isticmaalo waa badan yihiin, kharashkuna waa sarreeyaa, mugga way adagtahay in la yareeyo, iyo fiber dheer ayaa aad u nugul khalkhalgelinta deegaanka.
Korku wuxuu si kooban u soo bandhigayaa dhowr habab oo ah jiilka photoelectron ee calaamadaha microwave, iyo sidoo kale faa'iidooyinka iyo khasaaraha.Ugu dambeyntiina, isticmaalka qalabka loo yaqaan 'photoelectrons' si loo soo saaro mikrowave waxay leedahay faa'iido kale oo ah in calaamadda indhaha lagu qaybiyo iyada oo loo marayo fiber optic ah oo leh khasaare aad u hooseeya, gudbinta fogaanta fog ee isticmaalka terminal kasta ka dibna loo beddelo calaamadaha microwave, iyo awoodda iska caabinta elektromagnetic. faragelinta ayaa si weyn u wanaajisay marka loo eego qaybaha elektaroonigga ah ee dhaqameed.
Qoritaanka maqaalkan inta badan waa tixraac, oo lagu daray khibrad cilmi-baariseed iyo waayo-aragnimada qoraaga ee arrimahan, waxaa jira khaladaad iyo faham la'aan, fadlan faham.
Waqtiga boostada: Jan-03-2024