Qayb ka mid ah HAL
1, ogaanshaha waxaa loo maraa hab gaar ah oo jirka ah, kala saar tirada cabbirada la cabbiray ay ka tirsan yihiin xad gaar ah, si loo go'aamiyo in cabbirada la cabbiray ay yihiin kuwo u qalma ama in tirada cabbiradu ay jiraan.Habka isbarbardhigga tirada aan la garanayn ee lagu cabbiray tirada caadiga ah ee isku dabeecadda ah, go'aaminta tirada badan ee tirada caadiga ah ee ay cabbiraan kooxda la cabbiray, iyo muujinta tirada badan ee tiro ahaan.
Dhinaca otomaatiga iyo ogaanshaha, hawsha ogaanshaha ma aha oo kaliya kormeerka iyo cabbiraadda alaabooyinka la dhammeeyey ama alaabada dhammaatay, laakiin sidoo kale si loo kormeero, loo kormeero loona xakameeyo habka wax soo saarka ama shay dhaqaaqa si looga dhigo sida ugu fiican. xaalad ay doorteen dadku, waa lagama maarmaan in la ogaado oo la cabbiro xajmiga iyo isbeddelka xuduudaha kala duwan wakhti kasta.Farsamadan ogaanshaha waqtiga-dhabta ah iyo cabbiraadda habka wax-soo-saarka iyo walxaha dhaqaaqa waxa sidoo kale loo yaqaan farsamada kormeerka injineernimada.
Waxaa jira laba nooc oo cabbir ah: cabbir toos ah iyo cabbir aan toos ahayn
Cabbirka tooska ah waa in la cabbiro qiimaha la cabbiray ee mitirka akhriska iyada oo aan la xisaabin, sida: isticmaalka heerkulbeeg si loo cabbiro heerkulka, iyada oo la adeegsanayo multimeter si loo cabbiro danab.
Cabbirka aan tooska ahayn waa in la cabbiro tiro jireed oo dhowr ah oo la xidhiidha cabbiridda, iyo in lagu xisaabiyo qiimaha la cabbiray iyada oo loo marayo xiriirka shaqeynaya.Tusaale ahaan, awoodda P waxay la xiriirtaa danab V iyo hadda I, taas oo ah, P=VI, awoodda waxaa lagu xisaabiyaa iyadoo la cabbirayo tamarta iyo hadda.
Cabbirka tooska ah waa mid fudud oo ku habboon, waxaana badanaa loo adeegsadaa ficil ahaan.Si kastaba ha noqotee, xaaladaha aysan suurtagal ahayn cabbirka tooska ah, cabbirka tooska ah waa mid aan habboonayn ama qaladka cabbirka tooska ah waa weyn yahay, cabbir aan toos ahayn ayaa la isticmaali karaa.
Fikradda dareenka sawir-qaadista iyo dareenka
Shaqada dareemaha ayaa ah in loo beddelo tirada aan korontadu ahayn wax soo saarka tirada korantada kaas oo uu jiro xidhiidh qeexan oo u dhigma, kaas oo asal ahaan ah xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya nidaamka tirada aan korontada ahayn iyo nidaamka tirada korantada.Habka ogaanshaha iyo xakamaynta, dareemaha ayaa ah qalab beddelaad lagama maarmaan ah.Marka laga eego dhinaca tamarta, dareemaha waxaa loo qaybin karaa laba nooc: mid waa dareemaha xakamaynta tamarta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan dareenka firfircoon;Midda kale waa dareemaha beddelka tamarta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan dareenka dadban.Dareemka kontoroolka tamarta waxaa loola jeedaa dareemaha waxaa lagu qiyaasi doonaa isbeddelka cabbirrada korantada (sida iska caabinta, awoodda) isbeddelka, dareemaha wuxuu u baahan yahay inuu ku daro koronto xiiso leh, waxaa lagu qiyaasi karaa xuduudaha isbeddelka korantada, isbeddellada hadda jira.Dareemaha beddelka tamarta ayaa si toos ah u beddeli kara isbeddelka la cabbiray ee isbeddelka tamarta iyo hadda, iyada oo aan lahayn il kicin dibadda ah.
Marar badan, tirada aan korantada ahayn ee la qiyaasi karo maaha nooca tirada aan korontada ahayn ee shidmahu u bedeli karo, taas oo u baahan in lagu daro qalab ama qalab hor leh dareenka kaas oo u bedeli kara tirada aan korontada ahayn ee lagu qiyaasay tiro aan koronto ahayn oo dareemaha uu heli karo oo beddeli karo.Qaybta ama aaladda u rogi kara koronto la'aanta la qiyaasay ee la qiyaasay waa dareemaha.Tusaale ahaan, marka la cabbirayo korantada oo leh cabbirka cadaadiska iska caabbinta, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in lagu dhejiyo cabbirka culeyska qaybta laastikada ee cadaadiska wax iibinta, curiyaha laastikada wuxuu u beddelaa cadaadiska xoog cadaadis, iyo cabbirka cadaadiska ayaa u beddelaya xoogga cadaadiska isbeddelka caabbinta.Halkan cabbirka culaysku waa dareeraha, curiyaha laastikadana waa dareeraha.Dareemaha iyo dareemaha labaduba waxay u rogi karaan koronto la'aanta la qiyaasay ee la qiyaasay wakhti kasta, laakiin shidmahu waxa uu u beddelaa koronto la'aanta la cabbiray oo aan la heli karin, dareemahana waxa uu u beddelaa koronto la'aanta la qiyaasay.
2, dareemaha korantadawaxay ku salaysan tahay saamaynta photoelectric, signalka iftiinka galay shidma signal korantada, si weyn loo isticmaalo in si toos ah kantaroolka, hawada iyo raadiyaha iyo telefishanka iyo beeraha kale.
Dareemayaasha korantada inta badan waxaa ka mid ah photodiodes, phototransistors, photoresistors Cds, sawir-qaadayaasha, dareemayaasha korantada ee la dhaxlo, sawir-qaadayaasha iyo sawir-qaadayaasha.Shaxda noocyada ugu muhiimsan ayaa lagu muujiyay sawirka hoose.Codsiga wax ku oolka ah, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la doorto dareenka ku habboon si loo gaaro saameynta la rabo.Mabda'a xulashada guud waa:ogaanshaha sawir-qaadista xawaaraha sare lehwareeg, kala duwan oo kala duwan ee mitir iftiinka, ultra-xawaaraha sare-xawaaraha laser waa in ay doortaan photodiode;Dareemka fudud ee sawir-qaadista garaaca wadnaha ee dhowr kun oo Hertz iyo garaaca wadnaha xawaaraha hooseeya ee wareegga fudud waa inuu doorto sawir-qaadaha;Inkasta oo xawaaraha jawaabtu uu gaabis yahay, dareeraha buundada iska caabinta oo leh waxqabad wanaagsan iyo dareeraha sawir-qaadista ee leh hantida iska caabinta, dareeraha korantada ee wareegga iftiinka tooska ah ee nalka dariiqa, iyo caabbinta doorsoomeysa ee isbeddesha saami ahaan iyadoo leh xoogga iftiinka waa inuu doorto Cds iyo Pbs xubno sawir-qaade;Codeeyayaasha Rotary, dareemayaasha xawaaraha iyo dareemayaasha laser-xawaaraha ultra-sareya waa inay ahaadaan dareeme sawireed isku dhafan.
Nooca dareemaha sawir qaade Tusaalaha dareeraha korantada
isgoyska PNPN Photodiode(Si, Ge, GAAs)
PIN Photodiode (Si qalab)
Avalanche photodiode(Si, Ge)
Phototransistor (Tuubada PhotoDarlington) (Si walxo)
Dareemaha korantada ee isku-dhafan iyo thyristor sawir qaade (Si walxo)
Sawirka unugyada aan-pn-ka ahayn (wax la isticmaalayo CdS, CdSe, Se, PbS)
Qaybaha kuleyliyaha (qalabka loo isticmaalo (PZT, LiTaO3, PbTiO3)
Tuubbada elektiroonigga ah ee nooca sawir-qaadista, tuubada kamarada, tuubada sawir-qaadista
Dareemayaasha kale ee xasaasiga ah midabka (Si, α-Si walxaha)
Dareemaha sawirka adag (Si walxo, nooca CCD, nooca MOS, nooca CPD
Cunsurka ogaanshaha booska (PSD) (Si walxo)
Photocell (Photodiode) (Si loogu talagalay agabka)
Waqtiga boostada: Jul-18-2023